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[目的]探讨城市化背景下残存钉螺复燃因素及对策。[方法]2007年7月至2010年6月,收集太湖平原及无锡市血吸虫病相关资料及观察有关现场进行分析。[结果]1981年调查无锡市锡澄运河东侧12个乡(镇)血吸虫病流行村血吸虫病患病率,Ⅰ线为7.09%,Ⅱ线为3.93%,Ⅲ线为17.39%,Ⅳ线为36.46%,提示血吸虫病患病率,下游>上游,低洼处>高亢处。2010年调查无锡市东郊3个乡、12个村中,距离市中心6.5km的4个村,历史有螺环境彻底改变,已不具备钉螺孳生条件(Ⅰ类环境);距离市中心12.5 km的4个村,历史有螺环境中Ⅰ类环境占43.97%,未进行改造或改造后又恢复为原始状态(Ⅳ类环境)占36.71%;距离市中心17.05 km的4个村,历史有螺环境中,钉螺孳生条件未能消除,有可能残留钉螺(Ⅲ类环境)占78.83%。实验观察结果,水样中溶氧量内滩池高于闾江河,总硬度、硫酸盐、氨氮和氯化物内滩池低于闾江河(P<0.01或<0.05);土样的有机质与镁离子含量,均为闾江河低于内滩池(P<0.05或<0.01);钉螺100 d存活率为67.00%,其中A箱、B箱、C箱、D箱分别为59.67%、62.00%、68.33%、78.00%(P<0.01)。[结论]太湖平原城市化背景下残存钉螺复燃与水系的变化及水质有一定关系。
[Objective] The research aimed to discuss the factors and countermeasures of resurgence of survivor snail under the background of urbanization. [Method] From July 2007 to June 2010, the relevant data of schistosomiasis in the Taihu Lake plain and Wuxi were collected and analyzed. [Results] The prevalence of schistosomiasis in schistosomiasis endemic villages of 12 townships (towns) on the east side of Wuxi Xicheng Canal in 1981 was 7.09%, Ⅱ line was 3.93%, Ⅲ line was 17.39%, Ⅳ line was 36.46%, suggesting that the prevalence of schistosomiasis, downstream> upstream, low-lying> hyperthyroidism. 2010 survey of three townships in the eastern suburbs of Wuxi City, 12 villages, 6.5 km from the city center of the four villages, the history of snail environment completely changed, no snail breeding conditions (Class I environment); 12.5 km from the city center Of the four villages, with a history of snail environment class I environment accounted for 43.97%, without the transformation or transformation and then returned to its original state (Ⅳ environment) accounted for 36.71%; from the city center of 17.05 km of the four villages, the history of a snail Environment, snail breeding conditions failed to eliminate, there may be residual snail (Ⅲ environment) accounted for 78.83%. The experimental results showed that the dissolved oxygen in water sample was higher than that in Lujiang River, and the total hardness, sulfate, ammonia nitrogen and chlorophyll in the tidal flat were lower than those in Lujiang River (P <0.01 or <0.05). The contents of organic matter and magnesium (P <0.05 or <0.01). Survival rate of Oncomelania snails was 67.00% after 100 d, in which A, B, C and D boxes were 59.67%, 62.00% and 68.33% , 78.00% (P <0.01). [Conclusion] The remnants of snails in the urbanization of Taihu plain have some relations with the changes of water system and water quality.