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本研究以青海省黄南州河南县高原鼢鼠扰动区的高寒草甸为研究对象,通过设置不同放牧制度的试验样区,分析比较了不同放牧区内高原鼢鼠种群密度变化以及土壤紧实度、容重、土壤含水量以及土壤养分变化情况,深入探讨了不同放牧制度对高原鼢鼠和土壤特性的影响。研究结果表明:季节放牧区和自由放牧区的鼢鼠相对种群密度显著高于禁牧区(P<0.05);随着土层深度增加,土壤紧实度逐渐增加,土壤紧实度大小依次为自由放牧区>禁牧区>季节性放牧区;土壤容重大小在0~10cm表层依次为自由放牧区>季节性放牧区>禁牧区,自由放牧区的土壤容重显著高于禁牧区和季节性放牧区(P<0.05);经过禁牧后土壤含水量显著增加;禁牧区的土壤全N、有机质以及速效P的含量均显著高于季节性放牧区和自由放牧区(P<0.05)。综上所述,合理的放牧制度是保持生态稳定,维持土壤养分平衡的有效途径,也为保护草地资源和高原鼢鼠的生态防控提供理论依据和参考借鉴。
In this study, alpine meadow in the plateau zokor disturbance area of Henan Province in Huangnan Prefecture of Qinghai Province was selected as the research object. Through setting the experimental sample areas of different grazing systems, the population density changes of the zokor population in different grazing areas and soil compaction, Bulk density, soil moisture content and soil nutrient changes, in-depth discussion of different grazing system on the plateau zokor and soil characteristics. The results showed that relative population density of zokor in seasonal grazing area and free-grazing area was significantly higher than that in no-no grazing area (P <0.05). With the increase of soil depth, soil compaction gradually increased and soil compaction followed by free grazing Area> no-grazing area> seasonal grazing area. Soil bulk density ranged from 0 to 10 cm in the order of free-grazing area> seasonal grazing area> no-grazing area. Soil bulk density was significantly higher in grazing areas than in grazing- 0.05). After the forbidden grazing, the soil water content increased significantly. The contents of soil total N, organic matter and available P in the no-grazing area were significantly higher than those in the grazing and grazing areas (P <0.05). In summary, a reasonable grazing system is an effective way to maintain ecological stability and maintain soil nutrient balance, and provide theoretical basis and reference for the protection of grassland resources and ecological control of zokor plateau.