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目前结构主义者的哲学企图使结构观点和历史观点之间发生矛盾。在我们看来,这种哲学是由于过分强调结构而来的。他们的论点可以分为:(甲)已经进入了一个结构业已合理地确立了的时代。从此,作为现实的和作为这个现实的科学的历史就消声匿迹或彻底地改变了。(乙)从来就有各色各样的结构和制度,但已经改变了。所以历史只不过是已死结构的坟墓和陈列馆而已。(丙)有一个“结构和事变”的辩证关系衬托在历史之下,它指出了其中关键所在,从而使我们可能重新建立一部真正的历史,即结构的历史。时间既不是主要的,也不是偶然的。(丁)各种制度的变化可能来自制度的成分和要素,以及这些要素和整体之间的相互作用。总之,即使历史不消失也会变得非常模糊。如果历史不成为一门有名无实的知识,也会变成一门次要的科学。结构概念本身有三个含义:(一)结构就是可知的东西,它是现实所固有的,是现实的本质;(二)结构就是模式,是用从其本身过于复杂的一个现实里所取来的要素制成的,从而产生一个特殊的、不成熟的模式方法论;(三)结构是由在许多易变体系之间的一种不稳定的平衡所组成的,通过总的社会基本现象内重新努力不断再平衡,但结构只不过是一种不尽相符的表现。
At present, structuralist philosophical attempts have contradicted the structural point of view and historical point of view. In our opinion, this philosophy is due to the overemphasis on structure. Their argument can be divided into: (a) It has entered a time when the structure has been reasonably established. Since then, the history as a reality and as a science of this reality has either disappeared or been completely changed. (B) There have always been various structures and systems, but they have changed. So history is nothing more than dead graves and galleries. (C) There is a dialectic of “structure and incidents” set off under history, which points out the key points in it, so that we may re-establish a real history, the history of structure. Time is neither major nor accidental. (D) The changes in various systems may come from the components and elements of the system and the interaction between these elements and the whole. In short, even the history does not disappear will become very vague. If history does not become a real knowledge, it will become a secondary science. The concept of structure itself has three meanings: (a) structure is something that can be known, which is intrinsic to reality and the essence of reality; (b) structure is a model taken from a reality that is too complicated by itself Elements, thus creating a special, immature modalities of methodology; (iii) The structure is made up of an unstable balance among many variable systems, re-engineered through total social fundamentals Constant rebalancing, but the structure is nothing more than a consistent performance.