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在哺乳动物内已发现有十种水通道蛋白 (AQP0~AQP9)分布于水代谢活跃的器官。每种水通道蛋白都具有组织分布特异性 ,不同水通道蛋白之间的结构相似 ,均以四聚体形式存在 ,每一单体构成一个功能单位 (水通道 ) ,具有转运水的功能。脑组织中的水通道蛋白主要为AQP4和AQP1 ,其分子结构与功能在基因水平存在动态调节。深入研究它们在脑内的分布与功能 ,尤其与脑水肿之间的关系 ,对指导脑水肿治疗和开发新药均具有重要意义
Ten aquaporins (AQP0 ~ AQP9) have been found in mammals and are distributed in organs that are actively metabolized by water. Each aquaporin has tissue-specific distribution. The structures of aquaporins are similar and exist in tetrameric form. Each monomer constitutes a functional unit (water channel), which has the function of transporting water. AQP4 and AQP1 are the major aquaporins in brain tissue, and their molecular structure and function are dynamically regulated at the gene level. In-depth study of their distribution and function in the brain, especially with the relationship between brain edema, for the treatment of brain edema and the development of new drugs are of great significance