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目的比较农村地区不同类型家庭的青少年健康相关行为和保健服务利用情况,为提高我国农村青少年身心健康水平及完善青少年保健服务系统提供科学参考。方法从安徽、河北、河南、湖北及重庆等5个省(市)方便抽样14个项目县,每个县按照人口规模比例法抽取5个乡镇,每个乡镇再抽取3个村,每个村等距抽样40户家庭。最终调查青少年家庭1 178户,由青少年填答结构式问卷。结果不同类型家庭青少年吃早餐、吸烟、饮酒、每天睡眠时间、1个月内情绪低落及处理方式等报告率差异均无统计学意义(P值均>0.05);青少年每周上网时间超过28 h的二代户家庭占5.3%,三代户家庭占3.9%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。青少年保健知识主要获得途径为学校(二代户家庭为42.5%,三代户家庭为47.7%)。青少年近1 a参加健康体检的二代户家庭占33.8%,三代户家庭占27.2,且80%以上为有关机构(主要为学校)组织。近1 a内青少年进行健康咨询的家庭均不足10%。结论不同类型农村家庭青少年健康相关行为与保健服务利用情况存在差异。社会、学校和家庭应发挥不同作用,关注青少年身心健康发展。
Objective To compare adolescent health-related behaviors and health service utilization among different types of families in rural areas and provide scientific references for improving the physical and mental health of rural adolescents and improving the adolescent health care system. Methods Conveniently sampled 14 project counties from 5 provinces (cities) such as Anhui, Hebei, Henan, Hubei and Chongqing. Each county selected 5 townships according to the proportion of population scale, and each township extracted 3 additional villages. Each village 40 families were sampled at an equal distance. The final survey of 1,178 young families, structured questionnaires by young people to fill in. Results Adolescents with different types of family had no significant difference in reporting rates of eating breakfast, drinking, drinking, sleeping time every day, depression in one month and treatment way (P> 0.05) Of second generation households accounted for 5.3%, three generations of households accounted for 3.9%, the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05). The main access to adolescent health knowledge is for schools (42.5% for second-generation households and 47.7% for three-generation households). Adolescents Nearly 1 year 33.8% of second-generation families participated in a health examination, 27.2% of three-generation families, and more than 80% were organizations of relevant agencies (mainly schools). Less than 10% of the families have adolescent health consultation in the past 1 years. Conclusion There are differences in health-related behavior and health service utilization among adolescents in different types of rural families. The society, schools and families should play different roles and pay attention to the healthy development of young people’s physical and mental health.