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Defects play vital roles in tailoring structures and properties of materials including the atomically thin two-dimensional (2D) materials,and increasing demands are requested to find effective ways to realize the defect engineering,i.e.,tuning the defects and thus the materials\' structure-property in a well-controlled way.Herein,we propose a novel method to tune the structures and config-urations of one-dimensional (1D) line defects in monolayer MoS2 via mass transport induced structural transformation.By using atomic-resolved annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscopy (ADF-STEM),we demonstrate in situ that sulfur vacancy line defect can be healed locally into defect-free MoS2 lattice via the des-orption of Mo atoms from vacancy lines and adsorption into a moving Mo cluster.Furthermore,directional trans-port of Mo atoms (or Mo cluster) along the sulfur vacancy lines can induce the formation of Mo chains.Such a mass transport induced defect tuning provides more operational routes for the rational defect designing and property tuning in MoS2 as well as other related 2D materials.