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空中加油的成功与否主要依赖于加油锥套与受油插头的顺利对接,对对接过程中产生的动力学行为的研究是实现顺利对接的前提。利用多刚体系统动力学建立对接过程的动力学模型,求解出加油锥套与受油装置间的广义速度;并依据建立的接触动力学模型,得到局部接触点间的相对速度。基于非线性连续碰撞理论,提出对接过程中碰撞力的计算方法,并在机械系统动力学仿真软件ADAMS的环境下,构建加油锥套和受油装置的对接虚拟样机。通过对虚拟样机的动力学仿真,得到了对接过程中的碰撞力及速度响应曲线,同时,得出能够实现成功对接时各参数的具体范围。结果表明,制约对接成功的主要参数是初始相对速度、加油锥套的俯仰角和相对偏距。该研究对空中加油的对接和受油机的导航控制具有重要的意义。
The success of aerial refueling relies mainly on the smooth docking of the refueling cone and the oil plug, and the study of the kinetic behavior that occurs during docking is a prerequisite for a smooth docking. The dynamic model of docking process is established by multi-body system dynamics, and the generalized velocity between oiling sleeve and oil receiving device is solved. Based on the established contact dynamics model, the relative velocity between local contact points is obtained. Based on the nonlinear continuous collision theory, the calculation method of the impact force in the process of docking is proposed. And the virtual prototype of the docking cone and the oil receiving device is constructed under the environment of mechanical system dynamics simulation software ADAMS. Through the dynamic simulation of the virtual prototype, the collision force and velocity response curve of the docking process are obtained. At the same time, the specific range of each parameter when successful docking is obtained. The results show that the main parameters that control the success of docking are initial relative speed, pitch angle and relative offset of fuel filler sleeve. This study is of great significance to the docking of air refueling and the navigation control of the oil receiver.