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目的了解章丘市水痘发病情况及流行特征,为更好的制定防控策略提供依据。方法运用描述流行病学方法,对章丘市2010~2013年水痘监测资料进行分析。结果 2010~2013年共报告水痘818例,年均报告发病率20.10/10万,不同年份发病率差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。各月均有发病,以冬春季节为主,11月至次年6月报告病例数占总病例数的82.50% ;年均发病率男性24.47/10万,女性15.81/10万(P<0.01),城区36.24/10万,农村16.27/10万(P<0.01);发病以14岁以下儿童为主,占总病例数的85.09% ,学生、幼托儿童和散居儿童合计占总病例数的95.97% ;有免疫史80例,占9.78% ,无免疫史714例,占87.29% ,免疫史不详24例,占2.93% 。结论学校和托幼机构是水痘防控的重点和难点,加强对教育部门传染病防控知识培训和防控措施落实情况的督导力度,探索在部分地区开展水痘疫苗2剂次接种工作,并提高其接种率。
Objective To understand the incidence and epidemic characteristics of chickenpox in Zhangqiu City and provide the basis for making better prevention and control strategies. Methods Using descriptive epidemiological methods, the data of chickenpox surveillance in Zhangqiu from 2010 to 2013 were analyzed. Results A total of 818 chickenpox cases were reported from 2010 to 2013, with an average annual incidence of 20.10 / 100,000. There was significant difference in incidence between different years (P <0.01). The morbidity in each month was mainly in winter and spring, and the number of cases reported in November to June was 82.50% of the total number of cases. The annual average incidence was 24.47 / lakh in males and 15.81 / lakh in females (P <0.01 ), Urban area 36.24 / 100000, rural 16.27 / 100000 (P <0.01); incidence of children under 14 years of age, accounting for 85.09% of the total number of cases, students, childcare and diaspora together the total number of cases 95.97%; there were 80 cases of immune history, accounting for 9.78%, 714 cases of non-immune history, accounting for 87.29%, immune history unknown 24 cases, accounting for 2.93%. Conclusions Schools and kindergartens are the key and difficult point in the prevention and control of chickenpox. They have also stepped up supervision on the implementation of prevention and control of infectious diseases in the education sector and explored the vaccination of varicella vaccine in some areas and improved The vaccination rate.