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[目的]了解少数民族地区医学生心理健康水平3年的变化情况,为不同阶段的心理维护提供科学的依据。[方法]对广西某医学院校临床医学本科新生551人采用症状自评量表(SCL-90)连续3年进行测评。[结果]新生及其第3学年测试SCL-909个因子分均高于全国常模,第2学年测试则只有4个因子分高于全国常模。3次测试结果比较,第2学年测试SCL-909个因子分均低于新生,第3学年测试躯体化、抑郁、焦虑、敌对、偏执及精神病性高于第2学年,但第3学年仍有强迫、人际关系敏感、焦虑及精神病性低于新生。来自城镇的学生3次测试结果均无差别(P﹥0.05),而来自农村的学生有所变化。[结论]医学生在新生阶段的心理健康水平较差,第2学年有较明显的改善,而在第3学年心理健康水平又有所降低,但仍优于刚入学时。3年心理健康水平的波动主要出现在来自农村的学生群体。
[Objective] To understand the changes of mental health level of medical students in ethnic minority areas for three years and provide a scientific basis for the psychological maintenance in different stages. [Method] A total of 551 undergraduates of clinical medicine in a medical school in Guangxi Province were assessed by SCL-90 for three consecutive years. [Results] The score of SCL-909 in freshmen and their third year was higher than that of national norms. Only 4 factors in the second year were higher than the national norm. In the second year, SCL-909 scores were lower than those of the freshmen. In the third year, somatization, depression, anxiety, hostility, paranoia and psychosis were higher than those in the second year. However, the third year still had Forced, interpersonal sensitivity, anxiety and psychosis than new students. There were no differences in the results of three tests among students from urban areas (P> 0.05), while those from rural areas varied. [Conclusion] Medical students have a poor mental health status during the freshmen stage, and have a marked improvement in the second year. However, the mental health level of the medical students in the third year of school is somewhat lower than that of the first year. The fluctuation of mental health level in three years mainly appeared in the student population from rural areas.