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目的掌握厦门市0~6岁散居儿童传染病发病特征。方法采用描述性分析方法对发病资料进行分析。结果2008~2013年厦门市共报告0~6岁散居儿童传染病24种23 438例,年均发病率为2 694.90/10万,死亡9例。无甲类传染病报告,乙类、丙类及非法定传染病发病率分别为129.93/10万、2 465.17/10万和99.80/10万。肠道传染病、呼吸道传染病、新生儿破伤风、血源及性传播疾病、自然疫源及虫媒传染病构成比分别为90.24%、8.55%、0.08%、1.08%和0.05%。发病数位居前5位的传染病依次为手足口病、其他感染性腹泻病、水痘、痢疾和流行性腮腺炎,构成比依次为45.27%、42.15%、3.64%、2.38%和2.24%。5~6月和11~12月为发病高峰时期。共报告免疫规划传染病705例,占发病总数的3.01%。结论手足口病、其他感染性腹泻病、水痘、痢疾及流行性腮腺炎为影响厦门市散居儿童健康的主要传染病,为今后防控的重点。
Objective To grasp the incidence of infectious diseases in scattered children aged 0 ~ 6 years in Xiamen City. Methods Descriptive analysis was used to analyze the incidence data. Results From 2008 to 2013, a total of 23 438 cases of 24 kinds of infectious diseases of scattered children aged 0-6 years were reported in Xiamen City, with an average annual incidence of 2694.90 / 100 000 and 9 deaths. In the report of No Class A Infectious Diseases, the incidence rates of Category B, C and non-notifiable infectious diseases were 129.93 / 100,000, 2 465.17 / 100,000 and 99.80 / 100,000 respectively. The constituent ratios of intestinal infectious diseases, respiratory infectious diseases, neonatal tetanus, blood and sexually transmitted diseases, natural foci and zoonotic diseases were 90.24%, 8.55%, 0.08%, 1.08% and 0.05% respectively. The top 5 infectious diseases were HFMD, other infectious diarrhea, chickenpox, dysentery and mumps in the order of 45.27%, 42.15%, 3.64%, 2.38% and 2.24%, respectively. May to June and 11 to December for the peak incidence period. A total of 705 immunization-planned communicable diseases were reported, accounting for 3.01% of the total. Conclusion Hand-foot-mouth disease, other infectious diarrhea, chickenpox, dysentery and mumps are the major infectious diseases that affect the health of scattered children in Xiamen City, which is the focus of prevention and control in the future.