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森林火灾不仅烧死、烧伤林木,直接减少森林面积,而且还严重破坏森林结构和森林环境,导致森林生态系统失去平衡,森林生物量下降,生产力减弱,益兽益鸟减少,甚至造成人畜伤亡。高强度的大火破坏土壤的化学、物理性质,降低土壤的保水性和渗透性,使某些林地和低洼地的地下水位上升,引起沼泽化;另外,由于土壤表面炭化增温,还会导致阳性杂草丛生,不利于森林更新。
Forest fire not only burns and burns trees, directly reduces forest area, but also seriously damages forest structure and forest environment. As a result, forest ecosystems lose balance, forest biomass decreases, productivity weakens, the beneficiary and beneficial birds decrease, and even cause human and animal deaths. High-intensity fire destroys the chemical and physical properties of the soil, reduces the water retention and permeability of the soil, raises the groundwater level in some woodlands and low-lying areas, and causes swamping. In addition, due to carbonization and warming of the soil surface, positive results Overgrown, not conducive to the forest renewal.