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目的和方法：本研究利用氧自由基所致的大鼠肺损伤模型，对肺损伤后肺表面活性物质（ＰＳ）病理改变和外源性ＰＳ替代治疗的作用进行了探讨。结果：大鼠气道滴入黄嘌呤和黄嘌呤氧化酶２４ｈ后，ＰａＯ２和胸肺顺应性显著下降；肺系数明显增高，组织学观察可见炎症性肺水肿。肺支气管灌洗液分析结果表明ＰＳ含量减少，蛋白含量增高。应用外源性ＰＳ治疗后，ＰａＯ２从处理前３２４±８６ｋＰａ上升到４７５±２９ｋＰａ（Ｐ＜００１）。结论：（１）肺损伤后的不同阶段ＰＳ的病理变化可能是不一致的；（２）外源性ＰＳ的替代治疗有明显效果。
OBJECTIVE: To explore the role of oxygen free radical-induced rat lung injury in the pathogenesis of pulmonary surfactant (PS) and exogenous PS replacement therapy after lung injury. Results: PaO2 and lung-lung compliance decreased significantly after xanthine and xanthine oxidase were instilled into the airway of rats. The lung coefficient was significantly increased. Inflammatory pulmonary edema was observed by histological observation. Lung bronchial lavage fluid analysis results showed that PS content decreased, protein content increased. PaO2 increased from 32.4 ± 8.6kPa to 47.5 ± 2.9kPa (P <0.01) after exogenous PS treatment. Conclusion: (1) The pathological changes of PS in different stages after lung injury may be inconsistent; (2) The replacement therapy with exogenous PS has obvious effect.