论文部分内容阅读
目的了解铅蓄电池加工行业中铅危害的分布和强度,提出控制该行业铅危害的防治关键环节和措施。方法选取广东某铅蓄电池加工企业作为调查对象,依据《工作场所空气中有害物质监测的采样规范》,采用职业卫生调查和现场检测相结合的方法,明确铅危害的关键控制作业点和岗位。结果现场检测数据显示,共检测26个重点铅作业岗位的铅TWA浓度,其中14个岗位的铅TWA浓度超标,超标率达53.8%;超标岗位主要分布在合膏涂板组、化成组、切板组、组立课车间。共检测了车间37个作业点的铅烟/尘短时间浓度,结果显示17个作业点的铅烟/尘短时间浓度超过职业接触限值,超标率达45.9%;超标点主要分布在铸造组车间、合膏涂板组车间、切板组车间、组立课车间。职业健康体检血铅结果表明,某铅蓄电池加工企业2011年职工的血铅水平明显高于2010年职工的血铅(t=-5.5,P<0.01)。结论铸造组车间、合膏涂板组车间、切板组车间、化成组车间、组立课车间的铅烟/尘超标严重,铅蓄电池加工行业的铅危害程度较大。铅蓄电池加工行业应加强铅蓄电池加工车间超标点的局部通风设施效果,加强保洁管理,减少二次扬尘,改善整体大环境,并且加强工人有效个体防护和养成良好个人卫生习惯。
Objective To understand the distribution and intensity of lead hazards in the lead-acid battery processing industry and put forward the key steps and measures to control the lead hazards in this industry. Methods A lead-acid battery processing enterprise in Guangdong was selected as the investigation object. According to the “Sampling Specification for Monitoring of Hazardous Substances in the Workplace Air”, a combination of occupational health survey and on-site testing was adopted to identify the key control operations and positions for lead hazards. Results The data of field test showed that the concentration of lead TWA in 26 key lead jobs was detected, of which the lead TWA concentration in 14 jobs exceeded the standard, exceeding the rate of 53.8%. The over-standard jobs were mainly distributed in the co-paste, Board group, group class workshop. A total of 37 sites were tested for lead / dust short-term concentration, the results showed that 17 operating points lead smoke / dust short-term concentration exceeds the occupational exposure limit, exceeding the rate of 45.9%; overshoot points are mainly distributed in the casting group Workshop, the joint cream coating group workshop, cutting board group workshop, group class workshop. Blood lead results from occupational health examination showed that blood lead levels of workers in a lead-acid battery processing enterprise in 2011 were significantly higher than those of workers in 2010 (t = -5.5, P <0.01). Conclusion The lead smoke / dust in the foundry workshop, the compound ointment coating workshop, the cutting board workshop, the chemical forming workshop and the class setting workshop are over-standard seriously, and lead in the lead-acid battery processing industry is more harmful. Lead-acid battery processing industry should strengthen the lead-acid battery processing plant exceeded the standard local ventilation facilities, to strengthen the cleaning management, reduce secondary dust, improve the overall environment, and to strengthen effective personal protection workers and develop good personal hygiene habits.