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本文使用了北极海冰1972～1989年的资料，分析了北极海冰的区域特征、季节变化和长期变化的特征。发现由于北极海冰南侧被殴亚和北美大陆所包围，处于基本封闭状态，只有通过白令海峡与太平洋相连和格陵兰海和挪威海与大西洋相连的两个通道，其环境条件与南极海冰绝然不同，因此其特征也明显不同。1．季节变化小。净冰面积冬季是夏季的2倍左右，而南极海有6倍之差。2．海冰寿命较长。以多年冰为主，平均寿命为13年。而南极冰多为当年冰。3．4北冰洋海冰区域性差异较大。Ⅰ区冰（90°E～180°～90°W）南面通过白令海峡与太平洋相连，其变化主周期为4年，并有2年、1年和半年等多种振荡周期，这些周期与太平洋海温场的周期大致相同。Ⅱ区冰（90°Ⅳ～0°～90°E）南面与大西洋相连，其主周期为5年，几乎可认为是单周期的变化。另有两个极不显著的弱周期2年和4个月。4．全北极海冰的长期变动趋势从80年代中后期明显减少，Ⅰ区比Ⅱ区更明显。因此认为此原因可能与80年代几次强的E1Nino事件有关，是否与全球气温暖化有关是一个有待今后进一步研究的问题。
In this paper, the data of Arctic sea ice from 1972 to 1989 are used to analyze the regional, seasonal and long-term variations of Arctic sea ice. It is found that the Arctic sea ice is basically closed due to the encroachment on the south side and the North American continent. Only the two channels connected with the Pacific Ocean through the Bering Strait and the sea of the Greenland and the Norwegian Sea connect with the Atlantic Ocean. The environmental conditions are similar to the Antarctic sea ice Absolutely different, so its characteristics are also significantly different. 1. Small changes in the seasons. The net ice area in winter is about 2 times that of summer, while the Antarctic sea is 6 times the difference. 2. Sea ice longer life expectancy. Mainly to many years of ice, the average life expectancy of 13 years. Antarctic ice and more for the year ice. 3.4 Arctic sea ice regional differences. The ice in the area I (90 ° E ~ 180 ° ~ 90 ° W) is connected with the Pacific Ocean through the Bering Strait to the south. Its main period of change is 4 years, and there are 2, 1, and 6 years of oscillation periods. The Pacific SST field has roughly the same cycle. Area II ice (90 ° Ⅳ ~ 0 ° ~ 90 ° E) is connected to the Atlantic Ocean to the south, with a main period of 5 years, which can be considered almost as a single-period change. There are two other extremely insignificant weak periods of 2 years and 4 months. 4. The long-term trend of changes in the whole Arctic sea ice decreased significantly from the mid to late 1980s, and area Ⅰ was more obvious than that of area Ⅱ. Therefore, it is considered that this reason may be related to several strong E1Nino events in the 1980s and whether it is related to global warming is a problem to be further studied in the future.