细菌性脑膜炎的治疗原则

• 作 者: Tubr MG Sande MA 陈龙邦
• 出 处: 国外医学.流行病学传染病学分册
• 发表日期: 1985年01期
• 关键词: 细菌性脑膜炎 肺炎球菌脑膜炎 神经系统后遗症 抗生素 新生儿 药物浓度 革兰氏阴性杆菌 内酞胺 头抱菌素 病死率

虽然18世纪晚期就已明确了脑膜炎的原因,但直到抗生素应用后本病的预后才显著改观。目前本病的发病率和病死率仍然很高,脑膜炎球菌性脑膜炎和嗜血流感杆菌脑膜炎的病死率为5～10%,肺炎球菌脑膜炎的病死率达28%。此外脑膜炎还导致相当比例的病人留有神经系统后遗症。患急性细菌性脑膜炎存活的婴幼儿和新生儿有50%以上遗留脑功能障碍。

Although the cause of meningitis was clarified in the late 18th century, the prognosis of this disease did not change significantly until antibiotic use. At present, the morbidity and mortality of this disease are still very high. The mortality rate of meningococcal meningitis and Haemophilus influenzae meningitis is 5% to 10%. The mortality rate of pneumococcal meningitis is 28%. In addition meningitis also led to a considerable proportion of patients with neurological sequelae. More than 50% of infants and newborns with acute bacterial meningitis survive with brain dysfunction.