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采用田间试验,研究了不同有机肥对设施土壤有效磷累积、淋溶及季节性变化的影响。结果表明,等磷量条件下,鸡粪、猪粪处理与化肥处理相比,更能增加土壤Olsen-P的累积量和淋溶量,且施用量越大作用越明显。鸡粪TC3、猪粪TS3土壤表层Olsen-P累积量分别比化肥高出50.60%、70.29%;20 cm以下淋溶量分别比化肥处理高出159.5%、111.6%。商品有机肥与化肥相比降低了表层Olsen-P含量,且用量越大作用越明显;商品有机肥土壤淋溶量也低于化肥处理,但用量越大,淋溶量有上升趋势。设施土壤Olsen-P含量高低与施肥时期密切相关,周年呈现“M”形变化规律。不同肥料影响不同,影响大小顺序为猪粪>鸡粪>化肥>商品有机肥。因此,为减少设施土壤Olsen-P的累积与淋溶,鸡粪、猪粪施用量要适当减少,商品有机肥可适当增加。
Field experiments were conducted to study the effects of different organic fertilizers on soil available phosphorus accumulation, leaching and seasonal changes. The results showed that compared with chemical fertilizer treatment, chicken manure and pig manure could increase the accumulation of Olsen-P and leaching amount of soil under the condition of equal phosphorus content, and the more significant the application was. The accumulation of Olsen-P in chicken manure TC3 and pig manure TS3 was 50.60% and 70.29% higher than that of chemical fertilizer respectively. The leaching amount below 20 cm was 159.5% and 111.6% higher than that of chemical fertilizer respectively. Compared with chemical fertilizer, commercial organic fertilizer reduced the content of Olsen-P on the surface, and the greater the effect was, the greater the effect was. The leaching amount of commercial organic fertilizer was also lower than that of chemical fertilizer treatment. However, the larger the dosage, the higher the leaching amount. The content of Olsen-P in the soil of the facility was closely related to the fertilization period, and the annual variation of the “Olsen-P” shape was “M”. Different effects of different fertilizers, the impact of the order of pig manure> chicken manure> fertilizer> organic fertilizer. Therefore, in order to reduce the accumulation and leaching of Olsen-P in the facility soil, the manure and pig excrement should be appropriately reduced and the commercial organic fertilizer should be appropriately increased.