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在明清之际诸学术大师中,顾炎武的生活经历尤为特异。他从顺治十四年(1657)离家北游,在北方地区活动了二十五年,最后客死于山西曲沃。这种情况引起学术界的注意和讨论,主要立论根据是清初潘耒刊刻的《亭林文集》。潘耒在当时刊刻其师顾炎武的著作,有助于顾炎武著作的保存和出版,但因顾忌很多,对原书多有窜改,删节,给后世研究顾炎武造成材料上的缺憾。顾氏北游的若干问题,即因史料有阙,难以进行深入的探讨。五十年代末,顾炎武佚失多年的重要著作《蒋山佣残稿》重新发现,并由中华书局收入《顾亭林诗文集》公诸于世。此书收录了顾炎武的大批书信,其中一部分是首次问世,一部分虽见于潘刻本,但保留了不少为潘刻本所窜改,删节的段落,具有极高的史料价值。从写作时间看,这批书信多写于顾氏北游期间,保存了许多潘刻本所没有的重要内容,为深入研究顾炎武北游的前因后果提供了新的材料。笔者根据是书,辅以其他史料,重新探讨顾炎武北游期间的两个问题。
In the Ming and Qing dynasties among the masters, Gu Yanwu’s life experience is particularly specific. He traveled northward from Shunzhi for fourteen years (1657), spent twenty-five years in the north, and finally died in Quwo, Shanxi Province. This situation aroused the attention and discussion of academics. The main argument was based on the “Tinglin Collection” published by Pan Zhi in the early Qing Dynasty. Pan 耒 at the time inscribed his master Gu Yanwu’s book, contribute to the preservation and publication of Gu Yanwu’s writings, but because of scruples, the original book more tampering, abridgement, Gu Guowu for future research caused the material shortcomings. Gu’s northbound a number of issues, that is, due to lack of historical data, it is difficult to conduct in-depth discussions. The late fifties, Gu Yanwu lost many years of important work “Jiangshan raises draft” rediscovered by the Zhonghua Bookstore income “Gu Tinglin poetry collection” made public. This book contains a large number of letters written by Gu Yanwu, some of which were first published. Although some were found in Pan Keben, they retained quite a few passages that were tampered with and abridged by Pan Keppen and were of extremely high historical value. From the writing time, these letters were mostly written during Gu’s Northern Expedition and saved many important contents that Pan Keben did not have, providing new materials for further study on the antecedents and consequences of Gu Yanwu’s northbound tour. Based on the book, supplemented by other historical materials, the author revisits two issues during Gu Yanwu’s visit to the north.