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戈尔巴乔夫执政伊始,为了更快捷地克服内政危机、缓解西方遏制苏联的冷战局势,便把文学也纳入新思维改革框架:迅速弱化,继而取消战后因冷战压力而被不断强化的社会主义现实主义理论体系,兴起反思和批评苏联的回归文学浪潮。然而,西方对苏联全方位冷战不仅仅是制度性对抗,更有大国利益(集团)的博弈,并且缓解冷战需要原本敌对的双方做出同等的努力;社会主义现实主义不单是应对冷战的意识形态,还是苏联管理国家的体制化内容之一,另有俄罗斯知识分子热衷于介入体制的传统力量使然。戈尔巴乔夫希冀通过文学力量而削弱其改革阻力,与此前把文学纳入冷战框架而形成苏式社会主义文学体制,可谓异曲同工,结果正如此前苏联文学未能切实提升苏联人自觉抵制西方文化冷战的意识一样,这次也没因疏解意识形态压力而培养出国民对苏联的认同感,更未达到西方对等地缓解冷战的效果,甚至因把苏共过去查禁的白银时代文学、境外/地下文学合法化,人们由此能公开挑战苏联合法性。这些情形意味着晚期苏联文学发展实际上仍是应对冷战局势变化的意识形态之延伸,呼应了西方否定苏联的冷战情势,却无助于苏联适应冷战格局的变化,还加剧苏联内部的紧张、分化,从而成为苏联在国力鼎盛、思想解放高峰之际而解体的重要力量。
At the very beginning of Gorbachev’s administration, in order to overcome the internal crisis more quickly and ease the Western Cold War situation that contained the Soviet Union, literature was also incorporated into the framework of the new thinking and reform: rapidly weakening and then eliminating the post-war-era-strengthened society as a result of the Cold War pressure The theoretical system of realism has arisen to reflect and criticize the wave of the return of the Soviet Union literature. However, the West’s all-out cold war against the Soviet Union is not only an institutional confrontation but also a game between the interests of big powers (the group) and alleviating the need for the two parties, the original enemy of the Cold War, to make equal efforts. Socialist realism not only responds to the ideology of the Cold War , Or one of the institutionalized elements of the Soviet Union governing the state, and the traditional strength of Russian intellectuals involved in the system. Gorbachev hopes to weaken the reform resistance through literary power and to integrate literature into the framework of the Cold War so as to form the socialist literary system of the Soviet Union. As a result, the former Soviet Union literature failed to effectively enhance the Soviet Union’s conscientious rejection of the Western Cold War This time, nor did it cultivate the identity of the people in the Soviet Union due to the pressure of ideological relaxation, nor did it achieve the West equivalent effect of alleviating the Cold War. It even caused the collapse of the Cold War in the past by the CPSU’s silver age literature, With the legalization of literature, people can openly challenge the legitimacy of the Soviet Union. These situations mean that the development of late Soviet literature is actually still an extension of the ideology that coped with the changing situation of the Cold War. Echoing that the West denied the Cold War situation of the Soviet Union, it did not help the Soviet Union to adapt to the changes in the Cold War. It also intensified the tension and differentiation within the Soviet Union Thus becoming an important force for the Soviet Union to disintegrate on the occasion of the peak of its national strength and the peak of ideological liberation.