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目的分析老年住院患者医院感染的危险因素、特点及预防措施。方法对2007—2009年西安市中医医院住院病人发生医院感染491例老年患者进行回顾性调查。结果医院感染率为5.87%,感染部位主要以呼吸道、泌尿道、胃肠道为主;医院感染患者中有病原学诊断者168例,共检出细菌178株,革兰阴性菌81株(45.25%),以大肠埃希菌、肺炎克雷伯菌、铜绿假单胞菌、鲍曼不动杆菌为主,革兰阳性菌26株(14.53%),以表皮葡萄球菌为主;真菌72株(40.22%)。结论有基础疾病、长期卧床、住院时间长、侵袭性操作等是医院感染的主要诱发因素,针对老年患者医院感染的危险因素,提出相应的预防措施,可降低医院感染发生率。
Objective To analyze the risk factors, characteristics and preventive measures of nosocomial hospitalized elderly patients. Methods A retrospective investigation was performed on 491 elderly patients with nosocomial infection in inpatients from 2007 to 2009 in Xi’an Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital. Results The nosocomial infection rate was 5.87%. The main infection sites were respiratory tract, urinary tract and gastrointestinal tract. There were 168 cases of etiological diagnosis in hospital infection, of which 178 strains were bacterial, 81 strains were Gram-negative bacteria (45.25 (Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumannii), Gram-positive bacteria 26 strains (14.53%), mainly Staphylococcus epidermidis; 72 fungi (40.22%). Conclusions There are basic diseases, long-term bed rest, long hospital stay and aggressive operation are the main inducing factors of nosocomial infection. According to the risk factors of nosocomial infection in senile patients, corresponding preventive measures are put forward to reduce the incidence of nosocomial infections.