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1963年7月9日,太平洋约翰斯顿岛上空400公里处,一声巨大的爆炸轰鸣中,一朵磨菇云腾空而起,这是美国进行的当量为140万吨的代号为“海盘牛”的核试验。随后,在1,000多公里外的檀香山,几百个防盗报警器骤然大作,动力线上的继电器像爆玉米花一般烧掉跳开,夏威夷岛上的变压器严重烧毁,30多条线路出现短路!奇怪的是,人畜却丝毫未损。科学家把这种因核爆炸产生的可干扰电子程序,进而突然放出强大的电流,将电子器件击毁但又看不见、摸不着、闻不到的核电磁脉冲称为“电子雾”。早在美国首次进行核试验时,著名核物理学家费米就指出:核爆炸时,由于大量的γ射线与空气分子作用后发生康普顿效应,会产生一种类似雷电引起的瞬时破坏因素,对电器和通信影响非常严重,这一点当时并没有引起人们的足够重视。在后来的核试验中,
On July 9, 1963, about 400 kilometers above the island of Johnston on the Pacific Ocean, a mushroom cloud filled the air with a massive explosion. This was the equivalent of 1.4 million tons of U.S. sea-plate Cow “nuclear test. Subsequently, in Honolulu more than 1,000 kilometers away, hundreds of burglar alarm suddenly make the power line relay like popcorn burn off, the island of Hawaii transformer burned seriously, more than 30 lines short circuit! Strange The human and the animal are not damaged at all. Scientists put such a nuclear explosion can interfere with electronic procedures, and then suddenly release a strong current, the electronic devices destroyed but invisible, inadvertently, can not smell the nuclear electromagnetic pulse called ”electronic fog." As early as the first nuclear test conducted in the United States, the famous nuclear physicist Fermi pointed out: When a nuclear explosion occurs, a large number of γ-rays and the Compton effect of air molecules will produce an instantaneous damage factor similar to lightning , The impact on electrical appliances and communications is very serious, which did not cause enough attention at that time. In later nuclear tests,