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自1966年石坂氏开创性地发现IgE以来,人们对过敏性鼻炎发病机制的了解日趋明朗。进入鼻腔的变应原与预先结合在肥大细胞或嗜碱细胞表面的IgE抗体交联、激发一系列生化反应的发生,结果导致包括组胺在内的多种化学介质的释放,这些介质作用于鼻粘膜中的血管、神经、腺体和微环境中的其它成份,产生了过敏性鼻炎的各种病理改变和临床表现。此即为发生在鼻腔的Ⅰ型变态反应。近年来人们对Ⅰ型变态反应发生的各个环节的研究取得明显进展的莫过于对介质的了解。迄今为止,国外学者通过大量体外实验和晚近开展的对离体人肺组织、纯化的人肺肥大细胞、巨噬细胞、单核细胞和血嗜碱细胞的研究已发现在支气管哮喘等变态反应过程中释放的介质至少达50种,其中最引人注目的是花生四烯酸代谢产物,它们有很强的生物学活性。1983年以后,由于在过敏性鼻炎患者的鼻分泌物中也检测出花生四烯酸代谢产物,
Since Ishihara’s scholarly discovery of IgE in 1966, people’s understanding of the pathogenesis of allergic rhinitis has become increasingly clear. The nasal allergen cross-links with IgE antibodies pre-bound to the surface of mast cells or basophils, triggering a series of biochemical reactions that result in the release of multiple chemical mediators, including histamine, acting on Nasal mucosa in the blood vessels, nerves, glands and other components of the microenvironment, resulting in a variety of pathological changes and clinical manifestations of allergic rhinitis. This is the type I allergic reaction that occurs in the nasal cavity. In recent years, people have made notable progress in the study of all aspects of the occurrence of type Ⅰ allergy than the medium. So far, foreign scholars through a large number of in vitro experiments and recently conducted on isolated human lung tissue, purified human lung mast cells, macrophages, monocytes and blood basophils research has been found in bronchial asthma and other allergic processes Medium release of at least 50 species, of which the most notable is the arachidonic acid metabolites, they have a strong biological activity. Since 1983, arachidonic acid metabolites have also been detected in nasal secretions of patients with allergic rhinitis,