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多发性抽动症(Tourette syndrome)是一种慢性神经精神性疾病,好发于儿童和青少年,主要表现为一个或多个部位肌肉运动性或发声性抽动,发作期持续超过一年,间歇期不超过3个月。TS的病因和发病机制至今仍未明确,目前认为其发病与免疫因素,环境心理因素,遗传因素,生物化学因素等多种因素有关,目前,A族β溶血性链球菌与TS的发生跟发展的关系已有所报道,较多研究是关于链球菌感染的,一些免疫相关研究发现与链球菌感染有关的小儿自身免疫性神经精神疾病会引发或加重抽动症状。另外,过敏性变态反应性疾病与TS患儿的自身免疫应答活跃的关系也有所报道。神经-内分泌-免疫网络学说认为,外周免疫系统跟中枢神经系统之间,可通过直接接触或通过产生并释放出来的生物活性因子进行信息交流。细胞因子正是两大系统间相互作用的信使,不仅可以调节免疫,而且还可以调控神经元和神经胶质细胞的功能。细胞因子与神经介质、内分泌激素共同组成机体细胞间的信号分子,参与免疫系统并激活神经递质及激素间的信息传递,与精神障碍和心理机体反应密切相关。因此,有关免疫病因学异常可能是部分易感患儿发病的机制,文章从感染免疫学,过敏性变态反应性疾病,以及细胞因子调节网络等与免疫相关的几个方面加以综述。
Tourette syndrome is a chronic neuropsychiatric disorder that occurs in children and adolescents. It is mainly manifested as muscular or vocal twitching in one or more parts. The duration of the attack lasts over one year. The intermittent period is not More than 3 months. At present, the etiology and pathogenesis of TS are still not clear. It is thought that the pathogenesis of TS is related to immune factors, environmental psychological factors, genetic factors and biochemical factors. At present, the occurrence and development of TSA and beta-hemolytic streptococci Have been reported. More studies have focused on streptococcal infections. Some immune-related studies have found that autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorders associated with streptococcal infection cause or worsen tic-tactile symptoms. In addition, the relationship between allergic allergic diseases and active autoimmune response in children with TS has also been reported. Nerve-endocrine-immune network theory suggests that the peripheral immune system can communicate with the central nervous system through direct contact with or through biological activity factors produced and released. Cytokines are precisely messengers that interact with each other in the two systems to regulate not only immunity but also the function of neurons and glial cells. Cytokines and neurotransmitters, endocrine hormones together form the body’s cell signaling molecules, participate in the immune system and activate neurotransmitter and hormone information transmission, and mental disorders and psychological body reactions are closely related. Therefore, the etiology of immune etiology may be part of the pathogenesis of susceptible children pathogenesis, the article from the immunology, allergic allergic diseases, and cytokine regulatory networks and other immune-related aspects are reviewed.