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为研究北方粳稻穗重指数及其与产量品质的关系,以东北地区近年来育成的水稻品种(品系)为试材,分别在辽宁、吉林和黑龙江进行比较试验,提出用穗重指数(PWI,单穗重与每穴穗数之比)反映穗数与穗(穗粒数和千粒质量)的关系。结果表明,试材平均穗重指数0.155 g/穗,99%置信区间为[0.109,0.200],据此将参试材料划分为穗重型、中间型和穗数型。穗重指数与产量、穗粒数及决定穗粒数的穗部性状(一二次枝梗数、二次枝梗粒率)、穗颈及倒2节间大小维管束数、株高、叶面积指数、上部三叶长宽呈显著或极显著正相关,与单位面积穗数和剑叶基角显著或极显著负相关,穗重型品种产量显著高于穗数型品种。穗重指数与加工品质、营养品质、食味及相关指标显著负相关,与外观品质无明显关系,穗数型品种品质明显优于穗重型品种。穗重指数是综合反映穗数与穗大的明显指标。在稳定单穗重的基础上,适当降低穗重指数,可能是进一步提高产量、改善品质的有效途径。
In order to study the relationship between panicle index and yield and quality of northern japonica rice, the rice varieties (lines) bred in northeast China in recent years were used as materials to conduct comparative experiments in Liaoning, Jilin and Heilongjiang provinces, respectively. The ratio of single panicle weight to panicles per panicle reflects the relationship between panicle number and panicles (panicles per panicle and 1000-grain mass). The results showed that the average spike weight of the test material was 0.155 g / spike, and the 99% confidence interval was [0.109,0.200]. Based on this, the tested materials were divided into panicle type, panicle type and panicle type. Panicle index and yield, panicles per panicle and panicle traits (number of primary and secondary branches, number of secondary branchlets), number of vascular bundles in panicles and internodes, plant height and leaf area Index, the length and width of the top three leaves were significant or very significant positive correlation with the spike per unit area and the flag leaf base angle significant or very significant negative correlation, the spike weight varieties were significantly higher than the spike type varieties. The panicle index was significantly and negatively correlated with the processing quality, nutritional quality, taste and related indicators, and had no significant relationship with the appearance quality. The panicle type quality was significantly better than the panicle type. Spike weight index is a comprehensive reflection of the spike number and spike large obvious indicator. On the basis of stable single panicle weight, proper reduction of panicle index may be an effective way to further increase yield and improve quality.