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本文整理了我们在开展“稀少平”栽培法的研究中有关株型方面的部分资料,阐明了优良的栽培技术对于水稻“理想株型”的建成有重要作用。指出水稻“稀少平”栽培法由于在育秧、密植、施肥和灌水四个主要栽培环节上对原来的技术进行了较大的改革,因此有效地改善了与水稻群体的光合效率有密切关系的几个形态特性——株型。本文从分析稀少平栽培法与株型的关系入手,论证了下列几方面的株型内容是可以通过改进栽培技术予以改善的:水稻的植株高度及其在各节间的分配,茎蘖间的角度及叶片与茎秆的夹角,产量形成期的绿叶厚度与寿命,消光系数——群体茎叶的立体分布。最后,分析了“株型栽培”的概念,认为随着高产稻作的发展,“株型栽培”必将与“株型育种”相结合,以进一步提高水稻的产量能力。
This article organizes some of the data on plant type in the study of “scarce and flat” cultivation methods and clarifies that good cultivation techniques play an important role in the establishment of rice “ideal plant type”. It is pointed out that the “scarce and flat” cultivation method of rice has greatly changed the original techniques in the four main cultivation stages of raising rice seedlings, planting densely, fertilizing and irrigation, thus effectively improving the photosynthetic efficiency of rice populations Morphological characteristics - plant type. This paper starts with the analysis of the relationship between the cultivated method and plant type, and demonstrates that plant type content in the following aspects can be improved through improved cultivation techniques: the plant height of rice and its distribution among the various internodes, Angle and the angle between leaf and stem, leaf thickness and life span during the period of yield formation, extinction coefficient - three-dimensional distribution of stems and leaves of the population. Finally, the concept of “plant cultivation” is analyzed. With the development of high yielding rice, “plant cultivation” is bound to be combined with “plant type breeding” to further improve the yield of rice.