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精神分裂症是一种严重的精神疾病，改善精神分裂症患者的认知功能是临床治疗中的关键问题和难点之一。目前的临床治疗主要以药物治疗和心理治疗为主，但疗效有限。近年来，经颅电刺激在改善精神分裂症患者认知功能方面被寄予厚望。本文中总结了经颅电刺激对精神分裂症患者认知功能影响的现有进展，探讨了经颅电刺激广泛应用于认知功能受损的精神分裂症患者的治疗前景。“,”Schizophrenia is a major mental illness. Improving the cognitive functions in patients with schizophrenia is one of the most important challenges in clinical treatment. Currently, anti psychotic medicine and psychotherapy are most-frequently-used methods to improve patient′s cognitive capacity, however, they only have limited effects. In recent years, transcranial electrical stimulation is one of the most potent tools to improve the cognitive function in schizophrenia patients. In this study, we systematically summarized studies in which transcranial electrical stimulation was used to alleviate cognitive impairment in patients with schizophrenia, and outlooked the possibility of promising transcranial electrical stimulation widely in the clinical treatments in the future.