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目的:探讨麻疹患者的流行病学及临床特征。方法:选取本院2014年1月-2015年6月收治的麻疹患者45例作为研究对象进行回顾性分析。结果:发病高峰集中在3~4月份,共28例(62.2%)。发病年龄中婴儿人数最多19例(42.2%),其中8月龄以下15例(33.3%)。有疫苗接种史4例(8.9%),无疫苗接种史22例(48.9%),接种史不详19例(42.2%)。临床表现包括:发热、上呼吸道炎、结膜炎、麻疹黏膜斑、全身皮疹。发热3~5 d后出现典型皮疹,19例(其中成人14例)患者出现肝功能异常,23例患者(婴幼儿及儿童18例)出现心肌酶谱异常,21例患者出现血象升高。39例患者检测麻疹抗体Ig M阳性。并发症主要包括支气管肺炎、肝炎、心肌炎、结膜炎。经治疗39例患者好转出院,6例自动转上级医院诊治,经随访均治愈。结论:8月龄以下婴儿发病率及成人发病率有所上升,早诊断及早治疗患者愈合良好。加强易感人群计划免疫及在流行期间对易感人群进行复种可有效预防麻疹大规模爆发流行。
Objective: To investigate the epidemiological and clinical features of measles patients. Methods: Forty-five measles patients admitted to our hospital from January 2014 to June 2015 were retrospectively analyzed. Results: The peak incidence peaked from March to April, a total of 28 cases (62.2%). The incidence of infants in the highest number of 19 cases (42.2%), of which less than 8 months of age in 15 cases (33.3%). Four cases (8.9%) had a history of vaccination, 22 cases (48.9%) had no vaccination history and 19 cases (42.2%) had no history of vaccination. Clinical manifestations include: fever, upper respiratory tract inflammation, conjunctivitis, measles mucosal spots, systemic rash. A typical rash occurred after 3 to 5 days of fever, and liver function was abnormal in 19 patients (14 adults), abnormal myocardial enzymes in 23 patients (18 infants and children), and 21 patients with blood rashes. Thirty-nine patients were tested for IgM-positive measles antibody. Complications include bronchial pneumonia, hepatitis, myocarditis, conjunctivitis. After the treatment of 39 patients improved discharge, 6 cases go to the superior hospital for diagnosis and treatment, were followed up were cured. Conclusions: The incidence of infants under 8 months old and adult morbidity have risen, and the patients with early diagnosis and early treatment have healed well. Strengthening the program immunization of susceptible populations and double-cropping susceptible populations during the epidemic can effectively prevent the large-scale outbreak of measles.