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斑节对虾(Penaeus monodon)俗称草虾,是世界三大养殖虾类之一。广泛分布于印度洋和西太平洋,也是我国本土优质对虾资源之一,但尚未形成遗传稳定的养殖品系,养殖种苗除少数来自海捕外,绝大多数通过人工繁殖获得。供人工繁殖的亲虾主要来自两方面:一是捕捞野生怀卵虾,二是通过摘除眼柄和人工诱导野生雌虾性成熟和产卵,但二者均依赖野生资源。斑节对虾养殖的迅速发展对野生资源造成了极大的压力,过度开发势必引起种质的退化;同时,长期依赖野生亲体培育苗种产生了一些弊端,如亲体携带病毒,养殖对象生长减慢,抗病力下降等。因此,为保护野生资源和阻止野生虾类遗传多样性的丧失,尽快形成遗传稳定的养殖品系显得尤为迫切。
Penaeus monodon Commonly known as grass shrimp, is one of the world’s three major breeding shrimp. It is widely distributed in the Indian Ocean and the Western Pacific Ocean. It is also one of the resources of native shrimp in China. However, it has not yet formed a genetically stable breeding line. Most of the breeding seedlings are obtained through artificial breeding except for a few from the sea. The broodstock for artificial breeding come mainly from two aspects: one is to catch wild pregnant shrimp; the other is to remove the eyelid and induce the sexual maturation and spawning of wild females manually, but both rely on wild resources. The rapid development of Penaeus monodon caused great pressure on wild resources, over-exploitation will inevitably lead to the degradation of germplasm. At the same time, long-term dependence on wild broodstock breeding has some drawbacks, such as the carrier carrying the virus, slowed down the growth of breeding objects , Decreased resistance to disease and so on. Therefore, it is particularly urgent to form a genetically stable breeding line as soon as possible in order to protect wild resources and prevent the loss of genetic diversity of wild shrimp.