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目的探索流动人口呼吸道传染病相关健康行为与技能的干预方法。方法在山西省大同市选择建筑工地、餐饮业、宾馆住宿业、娱乐业和集贸市场等5类场所,开展以社会支持为主导的健康行为干预,在干预前后采用单纯随机抽样方法,抽取调查对象,进行问卷调查。采用χ2检验比较干预前后行为和技能的差异。结果干预后,47.20%的调查对象基本掌握洗手技能,高于干预前的0.40%(χ2=452.89,P<0.01);调查对象养成饭前便后洗手习惯的比例为62.27%,高于干预前的55.73%(χ2=6.62,P<0.01);调查对象养成健康咳嗽行为的比例为55.20%,高于干预前的36.80%(χ2=51.11,P<0.01);调查对象养成健康吐痰行为的比例为94.27%,高于干预前的67.73%(χ2=171.54,P<0.01)。结论以社会支持为主导的行为干预方法可以对流动人群的行为改变产生较好的效果。
Objective To explore the intervention methods for health behaviors and skills related to respiratory infectious diseases in floating population. Methods Five types of sites including construction site, catering industry, hotel accommodation industry, entertainment industry, and bazaars were selected in Datong City, Shanxi Province, and healthy behavioral interventions led by social support were conducted. Before and after the intervention, a simple random sampling method was used to collect surveys. Subject, conduct a survey. The χ2 test was used to compare the differences in behavior and skills before and after intervention. Results After the intervention, 47.20% of respondents basically grasped the skills of handwashing, which was higher than 0.40% before intervention (χ2=452.89, P<0.01). The ratio of handwashing habits before and after meals was cultivated was 62.27%, which was higher than the intervention. The former was 55.73% (χ2=6.62, P<0.01); the proportion of respondents who developed healthy cough behavior was 55.20%, which was higher than 36.80% before intervention (χ2=51.11, P<0.01); the investigated subjects developed healthy vomiting. The proportion of delirium behavior was 94.27%, which was higher than 67.73% before intervention (χ2=171.54, P<0.01). Conclusion The social intervention-led behavioral intervention method can produce better results for the behavioral changes of the floating population.