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目的了解新疆维吾尔自治区8月龄~15岁人群乙型肝炎(乙肝)病毒表面抗原(HBsAg)及抗体(抗-HBs)阳性率,评价卫生部/全球疫苗免疫联盟/儿童免疫基金(GAVI)项目实施效果。方法采用二级抽样的方法,从全疆67个县共抽取8月龄~15岁人群4 633名。用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)检测血清中的HBsAg及抗-HBs。结果新疆维吾尔自治区8月龄~15岁人群HBsAg阳性率2.29%[95%可信区间CI为1.9%~2.8%],单抗-HBs阳性率45.65%(95%CI为44.2%~47.1%)。不同民族人群HBsAg和抗-HBs阳性率差异均有非常显著的统计学意义(χ2=69.146,χ2=755.694,P均<0.01)。GAVI项目干预后,8月龄~2岁儿童HBsAg阳性率从项目前的2.74%降到项目后的为0.82%,下降了70.1%;单抗-HBs从项目实施前的41.75%提高到项目实施后的64.72%,上升了55.0%。结论GAVI项目启动后取得显著效果。为保证GAVI项目的顺利开展,应提高第1针乙肝疫苗及时接种率和大力开展少数民族语言文字接种乙肝疫苗宣传工作。
Objective To understand the positive rate of hepatitis B virus (HBsAg) and antibody (anti-HBs) in Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region from 8 months to 15 years old and evaluate the results of the Ministry of Health / GAVI / GAVI project Implementation Effect. Methods A total of 4 633 adults aged 8 months to 15 years were collected from 67 counties in Xinjiang based on two-stage sampling. Serum HBsAg and anti-HBs were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results The HBsAg positive rate was 2.29% [95% confidence interval (CI) was 1.9% -2.8%] in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region from 8 months to 15 years old. The positive rate of McAb-HBs was 45.65% (95.2% -47.1%) . The positive rates of HBsAg and anti-HBs in different ethnic groups were significantly different (χ2 = 69.146, χ2 = 755.694, P <0.01). After GAVI intervention, the positive rate of HBsAg in children aged 8 months to 2 years decreased from 2.74% before the project to 0.82% after the project, down by 70.1%. The monoclonal antibody-HBs increased from 41.75% before the implementation of the project to the implementation of the project After 64.72%, an increase of 55.0%. Conclusions The GAVI project has achieved remarkable results after its start-up. In order to ensure the smooth implementation of the GAVI project, we should increase the timely vaccination rate of the first dose of hepatitis B vaccine and vigorously promote the propaganda of Hepatitis B vaccine in ethnic minority languages.