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本文基于对地下结构的地震震害调查及国内外大量相关文献的分析,研究了地下结构的震害形式和特点,分析了影响震害的主要因素和规律,揭示了地下结构的震害机理。结果表明,地下结构的地震震害不仅与区域地震构造环境、场区地质条件有关,而且还受到诸如震级大小、震中距离、结构埋深和结构特性、地震地运动特性及地震波入射方向等多因素的影响。地下结构的地震震害机理可归纳为围岩失稳引起的破坏和地震惯性力引起的破坏两类。在进行地下结构抗震设计时,应尽量在选址时通过地质勘察从根本上避免在地震地质不良地带建造地下结构,加强抗震构造措施,重视对工程口部的抗震加固,改善结构的延性,提高结构对围岩变形的适应性。
Based on the investigation of earthquakes in underground structures and a large number of related literatures at home and abroad, the paper studies the forms and characteristics of earthquakes in underground structures, analyzes the main factors and laws affecting earthquakes and reveals the mechanism of earthquake damage to underground structures. The results show that the seismic damage of the underground structure is not only related to the regional seismic tectonic environment and the geological conditions of the site, but also influenced by many factors such as the magnitude of the earthquake, the epicentral distance, the depth of the structure and structural characteristics, the motion characteristics of the earthquake and the incident direction of the seismic wave Impact. The earthquake damage mechanism of underground structures can be summarized as the damage caused by the instability of the surrounding rock and the damage caused by the earthquake inertial force. In the process of seismic design of underground structures, it is essential to avoid the construction of underground structures in seismic bad geological zones by geologic prospecting at the time of site selection, strengthen the seismic structural measures, attach importance to seismic strengthening of the engineering mouth, improve the ductility of structures and improve Adaptability of structure to surrounding rock deformation.