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目的了解男性孤独症患儿基本生长发育指标和头面部表型特征,为儿童孤独症的早期诊断提供参考依据。方法整群抽取天津市区6所特殊教育学校的60名男性孤独症患儿,以天津市1所幼儿园40名4~7岁身体和心理发育均正常的男童作为对照,测量形态发育、生理功能及头面部表型指标。结果 10~12岁男性孤独症患儿平均皮褶厚度低于正常男生,13~15岁组平均体重和维尔维克指数均高于正常男生(t值分别为-3.858,2.196,2.461,P值均<0.05)。16~18岁组收缩压均值低于正常男生(t=-2.798,P=0.038)。3~8岁孤独症男童唇高、口宽均值分别为(18.5±2.38)(38.1±3.73)mm,大于正常儿童的(16.3±2.67)(35.5±3.98)mm,差异均有统计学意义(t值分别为3.017,2.316,P值均<0.05)。结论男性孤独症患儿体格发育较正常差,并可能存在面部表型的特异性。应加强对此特殊人群的体质测试研究。
Objective To understand the basic growth and development of children with autism and head and face phenotype characteristics of children with autism for early diagnosis provide a reference. Methods A total of 60 male children with autism in 6 special education schools in Tianjin were enrolled in this study. Forty boys (aged 4-7 years old) with normal physical and mental development aged from 4 to 7 in a kindergarten in Tianjin were used as control. Morphological development, physiology Function and head and face phenotype indicators. Results The average skinfold thickness of autistic children aged 10-12 years was lower than that of normal boys. The mean body weight and Verwiks index of 13-15 years old group were higher than that of normal boys (t = -3.858, 2.196, 2.461, P = All <0.05). Systolic blood pressure was lower in the 16-18 age group than in normal boys (t = -2.798, P = 0.038). The mean values of lip height and mouth width of children aged 3 ~ 8 years old were (18.5 ± 2.38) (38.1 ± 3.73) mm, which were significantly higher than those of normal children (16.3 ± 2.67) (35.5 ± 3.98) mm (t values were 3.017,2.316, P values were <0.05). Conclusion Children with autism have worse physical development than normal children, and may have facial phenotype specificity. Physical examination of this particular population should be strengthened.