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Objective:To establish and optimize the two-dimensional gel electrophoresis(2-DE)maps of squamous carcinoma of the cervix and to study the protein difference between squamous carcinoma of the cervix(SCC)and normal cervical tissue.Methods:Using Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis followed by computer-assisted image analysis,the differential proteins between squamous carcinoma of the cervical tissue and normal cervical tissue were compared.Then using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry,the differential proteins were identified.Results:The well-resolved and reproducible two-dimensional gel electrophoresis patts of squamous carcinoma of the cervix tissue and normal cervical tissue were obtained.After silver staining.the average matching ratio of squamous carcinoma of the cervix was 86.1%.There was a good reproducibility of spot position in 2-DE map,with average deviation in IEF direction of 0.95±0.13 mm,while in SDS-PAGE direction it was 1.20±0.18 mm.Ten protein spots were identified by mass spectrometry,some of which were involved in cell proliferation,cell apoptosis,intracellular enzymes,structural proteins,cycle regulation,and tumor occurrence.Conclusion:The differentially expressed proteins provide a fundamental basis for further study of human squamous carcinoma of the cervix and screening of its specific markers.