论文部分内容阅读
目的评估陕西省开展消除疟疾初期的疟疾流行与防治能力状况,为陕西省消除疟疾提供基线数据。方法采用回顾性与现况调查相结合的方式,对2005年1月~2010年6月陕西省疟疾病例报告与处置、病原学检测、疟防能力现状及健康教育开展等进行摸底调查。结果调查时段内全省累计报告疟疾病例239例,年发病率为0.11/10万,分布在全省30个县(区),间日疟、恶性疟和未分型疟疾病例构成比分别为38.91%、9.21%和51.88%。输入性病例占全部病例数的59.83%。病例实验室检测率、确诊率和规范治疗率为62.76%、48.12%、80.75%,24h网报及时率、个案调查率和疫点处置率为85.77%、75.31%和36.82%。居民和学生疟疾抗体阳性率为0.13%和0.20%。县级疾控医疗机构均能开展疟原虫显微镜镜检,乡级卫生机构仅45.74%能开展;县级疾控、县级医疗和乡级卫生机构疟防人员近5年培训率分别为40.00%、21.59%和10.07%,县级和乡级临床医生培训率为10.64%和11.86%,镜检人员疟原虫镜检技术培训率为11.31%和5.46%。结论陕西省疟疾流行已处于较低水平,但基层在疟疾诊断,健康教育,疟防能力建设方面还需提高。
Objective To evaluate the status of malaria epidemic prevention and control in early stage of malaria elimination in Shaanxi Province and provide baseline data for eliminating malaria in Shaanxi Province. Methods A retrospective and current status survey was conducted to investigate the status of malaria cases report and disposal, pathogen detection, malaria prevention capacity and health education in Shaanxi Province from January 2005 to June 2010. Results A total of 239 malaria cases were reported in the province during the survey period, with an annual incidence rate of 0.11 / 100 000, which was distributed in 30 counties (districts) in the province. The constituent ratios of vivax malaria, falciparum malaria and non-type malaria cases were 38.91 %, 9.21% and 51.88% respectively. Enter the number of cases accounted for 59.83% of the total number of cases. The detection rate, diagnosis rate and standard treatment rate of case laboratory were 62.76%, 48.12% and 80.75%, respectively, and the reporting rate of timely reporting, the case investigation and the epidemic point disposal rate were 85.77%, 75.31% and 36.82% respectively. The positive rates of malaria antibodies among residents and students were 0.13% and 0.20%. County-level CDC medical institutions were able to carry out microscopic examination of malaria parasite, only 45.74% of township health institutions can carry out; county-level CDC, county-level health care institutions and township malaria prevention staff nearly 5 years training rates were 40.00% , 21.59% and 10.07% respectively. The training rate of clinicians at the county level and township level was 10.64% and 11.86% respectively. The training rates of microscopic examination of parasite were 11.31% and 5.46% respectively. Conclusion The prevalence of malaria in Shaanxi Province is at a low level, but the grass-roots level needs to be improved in malaria diagnosis, health education and malaria prevention capacity building.