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为了研究常用组分黑索今、铝粉、高氯酸铵、聚3，3‑二（硝酸酯基甲基）氧丁环（PBNMO）对2，4‑二硝基苯甲醚微观凝固过程和宏观性能影响规律，从微观结构角度设计、改进2，4‑二硝基苯甲醚（DNAN）基熔铸炸药配方组成以解决宏观性能的不足，在光学显微镜下观测了含不同添加物的薄层DNAN样品动态结晶过程及起始凝固温度的变化；根据结晶距离及时间计算了不同样品的晶体生长线速度；通过对Φ20 mm药柱的外观形貌及药柱相对密度研究了添加物对样品成型性的影响规律；测试了Φ20 mm×20 mm药柱的抗拉、抗压性能，研究了不同添加物对样品力学性能影响。结果表明，黑索今、铝粉、高氯酸铵、PBNMO可改善DNAN凝固过程中晶体形态、DNAN起始凝固温度影响因添加物的不同而不同、降低DNAN凝固线速率、提高药柱相对密度；聚合物的加入使得样品抗拉强度、抗压强度显著提高，力学各向异性得到改善；多种添加物共同作用使得DNAN的成型性得到改善，抗拉强度达到6 MPa以上。表明，在黑索今、铝粉、高氯酸铵、PBNMO的协同作用下，可获得微观结晶细密、缺陷少、力学性能较佳的DNAN基混合炸药样品。“,”To research the influence of the additives such as RDX， Al， AP and polymer PBNMO on the moulding and mechanical characteristics of DNAN， the crystallization process of different intermixtures and the initial solidification temperature were observed mainly by photic microscope. The solidification rate was calculated by measuring the solidification time and the distance change. The effects of additives on the molding process were studied by testing the relative density of the Φ20 mm samples. The effects of additives on the mechanical properties were studied by testing the tensile strength and the compressive strength. Results show that those additives could improve the crystallization process， increase the relative density and decrease the solidification rate of DNAN. The mechanical properties such as the tensile strength，compressive strength and the anisotropy of the DNAN were improved by adding polymer PBNMO. The tensile strength was over 6 MPa. It indicated that， DNAN based explosives with fine crystals， less defects and better mechanical properties could be got by the synergistic effects of RDX， Al， AP and PBNMO.