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呼吸道病毒感染,常使哮喘和慢性阻塞性肺病加重。以往也有报道,健康者感染病毒后出现短暂性的呼吸道过敏。晚近的工作已开始探讨这些复杂的机制。呼吸道平滑肌内在功能的改变与病毒引起的过敏反应无关。感染了病毒的豚鼠和雪貂的气管平滑肌对乙酰胆碱和组胺的反应呈正常的收缩,对异丙肾上腺素的反应呈正常的舒张。与之相对比,由神经支配的呼吸道平滑肌,感染病毒后,可表现出多种异常状态,其机制涉及到以下几方面因素:
Respiratory virus infections often aggravate asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. There have also been reports in the past that healthy people have transient respiratory allergies after being infected with the virus. Recent work has begun to explore these complex mechanisms. Changes in the intrinsic function of the respiratory smooth muscle have nothing to do with the allergic reaction caused by the virus. The responses of the tracheal smooth muscle infected with the virus to guinea pigs and ferrets to acetylcholine and histamine showed normal contraction and the response to isoproterenol showed normal relaxation. In contrast, the innervation of the respiratory smooth muscle, infected with the virus, can show a variety of abnormal conditions, the mechanism involves the following factors: