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训沽中有“比照”的方法,就是根据已知的一点或几点,推知其他各点。这是因为古代作家常常运用重叠或对偶句行文,在用词造句方面,为避复(杨树达先生把“避复”列为修辞格,见《汉文文言修辞学》)起见,往往以同义词或近义词交相替用,这就是互文即互训,所以孔颖达注《书·尧典》指出,古书中有“文不同,互相通”的说法。我们因之可以从不同之点,探求它相通之处,根据了解的词,推测不懂的词。如:
There is a “comparison” approach in the exercise of Putu, which is to deduce the other points according to a known point or a few points. This is because ancient writers often used overlapping or even sentence sentences. In terms of wording, in order to avoid repetition (Mr. Yang Shuda has listed “avoidance” as a figure of speech, see “Rhetoric of Chinese Classical Language”), he often uses synonyms or synonyms This is the intertextuality of mutual training, so Kong Yingda Notes “Book Yao Dian” pointed out that there are ancient texts, “different texts, each other” argument. We can therefore seek out the similarities from different points, infer the words that we do not understand based on the words we know. Such as: