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孙某,男,12岁,因患上呼吸道感染咳嗽,喉中痰鸣,其家人自购甜瓜蒂50g,水煎分2次口服,约30min后患儿出现恶心、呕吐,呕吐物为胃内容物,继而腹泻水样便。1h后呕吐及腹泻均呈洗肉水样,后为咖啡渣样。6h后开始呕吐腹泻鲜血样物,随入诊所治疗。查体:体温38.1℃,脉搏142次/min,呼吸37次/min,血压40/30mmHg;意识模糊,面色苍白,呈重度脱水貌,心音低钝,脉搏细速,无尿,给予静脉输液,纠正水电解质紊乱及抗休克治疗,2h后抢救无效死亡。 甜瓜蒂为葫芦科植物甜瓜(Cucumis melo L.)的干燥果柄。本品性味苦寒有毒,主要作用为催吐,用于食物中毒,痰涎不化,癫痫等病。体弱、失血及上部无实邪者忌服。用法用量:本品可研末吞服(0.6～1.5g),可煎汤内服(2.5～5g),亦可外用:适量研末(口畜)鼻。 本品成分蒂含喷瓜素(Elaterin),药理作用主要对胃肠道的影响,据动物实验报道:内服甜瓜蒂(Meloexin)后有呕吐及下痢的症状,但皮下或静脉注射时则无反应,因此,甜瓜素刺激胃感觉神经后,反射地兴奋呕吐中枢而引起上述症状。 甜瓜蒂虽为中药,但今人应用于临床者甚少,古代医家也有论述,如《本草衍义补遗》中记载;“苦丁香,性
Sun Mou, male, 12 years old, suffering from respiratory infection and coughing, phlegm in his throat, his family purchased 50g of melon scent, decoction was taken orally twice, about 30 minutes later the child had nausea, vomiting, and vomit was stomach contents. Things, then diarrhea, watery stools. After 1 hour, vomiting and diarrhea were all washed with meat and then coffee grounds. 6 hours later began vomiting diarrhea blood samples, with the treatment into the clinic. Physical examination: body temperature 38.1°C, pulse 142 beats/min, respiration 37 times/min, blood pressure 40/30mmHg; confusion, pale, heavy dehydration appearance, low heart sound blunt, rapid pulse, no urine, given intravenous infusion, Correction of water-electrolyte disorders and anti-shock treatment, rescued died after 2 hours. The melon pedicle is a dried stalk of the Cucurbitaceae melon (Cucumis melo L.). This product tastes bitter and cold and toxic, the main role is to induce vomiting, used for food poisoning, delirium, epilepsy and other diseases. Frailty, blood loss, and the absence of actual evil are disfavored. Usage and dosage: This product can be swallowed at the end of the study (0.6 ~ 1.5g), can be decoction taken orally (2.5 ~ 5g), can also be used for external use: amount of powder (mouth) nose. This product contains pedicel ingredient Elaterin, pharmacological effects of the main gastrointestinal tract, according to animal experiments reported: oral melody (Meloexin) after vomiting and diarrhea symptoms, but no response when subcutaneous or intravenous injection Therefore, after melatonin stimulates the sensory nerves of the stomach, it reflexively excites the vomiting center and causes the above symptoms. Although the melon pedicle is a traditional Chinese medicine, it is rarely used by clinicians today, and ancient physicians have also discussed it, as documented in the Supplement to the Book of Herbalism.