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本研究首次对老年人居室环境危险因素进行了以人群为基础的评价。调查对象为居住在New Haven的1000名72岁以上的老年人。由专业人员运用标准的环境危险因素评价表对他们居室的潜在环境危险因素进行了评价。那些通过以下3种方式能使人跌倒的因素被认为是非常危险的,即①身体姿势过度或失去平衡;②滑倒或绊倒;③身体靠在不足以支持体重的物体上。此外,缺乏安全设施,例如浴池/淋浴无扶手也是一种潜在的危险因素。分别计算每一环境危险因素的发生率;依据不同居住类型和不同残疾水平对调查对象进行分类,以卡方统计分析对他们的环境危险因素发生率进行了比较;应用SUDAAN软件计算Kappa分值,对评价的可信性进行了检验。
This study, for the first time, conducted a population-based assessment of the environmental risk factors for the elderly. The survey was conducted for 1,000 elderly people aged over 72 living in New Haven. The potential environmental risk factors of their living quarters were evaluated by professionals using standard environmental risk assessment tables. Those who fall through the following three ways are considered to be very dangerous, that is: ① over body posture or out of balance; ② slip or trip; ③ body is not enough to support weight on the body. In addition, the lack of safety equipment, such as bath / shower armlessness, is also a potential risk factor. The incidence of each environmental risk factor was calculated separately. The subjects were classified according to different types of residence and different disability levels, and their environmental risk factors were compared by chi-square statistical analysis. The Kappa score was calculated by SUDAAN software, The credibility of the evaluation was tested.