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目的:探讨肝素结合蛋白（HBP）对烧伤早期血管通透性改变的影响。方法:①临床研究：采集2019年1月1日至8月30日南京医科大学附属苏州医院收治的12例重度烧伤患者入院0.5 h内全血标本，检测白细胞计数（WBC）、中性粒细胞绝对值和比例以及血清HBP水平；以同期8例严重创伤患者作为对照，以明确重度烧伤患者炎性指标及HBP与其他严重创伤患者的差异。留取12例重度烧伤患者入院9 d内血清标本，采用酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）检测多糖包被代谢产物黏结合蛋白多糖-1（syndecan-1）和透明质酸（HA）水平。采用线性相关法分析HBP与中性粒细胞比例、syndecan-1和HA的相关性。②基础研究：制备6～8周龄SD大鼠30%总体表面积（TBSA）Ⅲ度烧伤模型，低分子肝素（LMWN）干预组（n n＝5）大鼠于伤后即刻经腹部皮下注射200 U/kg低分子肝素钠（2 h 1次，共4次）；烧伤组（n n＝5）给予等量生理盐水；正常对照组（n n＝5）不给予任何干预。分别于伤后0、2、4、8 h取大鼠外周静脉血检测血清HBP、syndecan-1和HA水平，取大鼠肺组织于透射电镜下观察肺血管内皮细胞多糖包被损伤情况。n 结果:①临床研究结果：12例重度烧伤患者与8例严重创伤患者WBC、中性粒细胞绝对值和比例以及HBP水平均升高，两组WBC、中性粒细胞绝对值和比例差异无统计学意义〔WBC（×10n 9/L）：14.5±6.1比10.8±3.6，中性粒细胞绝对值（×10n 9/L）：12.0±5.9比9.0±4.0，中性粒细胞比例：0.81±0.10比0.79±0.14，均n P>0.05〕；但烧伤患者HBP水平明显高于创伤患者（μg/L：192.92±61.73比51.17±23.05，n P<0.01）。12例重度烧伤患者伤后血清syndecan-1和HA水平急剧升高，并呈持续升高趋势，9 d达峰值〔syndecan-1（μg/L）：16.02±0.39，HA（μg/L）：106.83±4.90〕。相关分析显示，重度烧伤患者入院1 d血清HBP与中性粒细胞比例、syndecan-1和HA均呈显著正相关（n r值分别为0.805、0.732、0.900，均n P<0.01）。说明烧伤引起中性粒细胞急剧升高后释放大量HBP，同时血管内皮多糖包被受到严重破坏。②基础研究结果：烧伤组大鼠伤后血清HBP、syndecan-1和HA水平均较正常对照组急剧升高，并随时间延长呈持续升高趋势，伤后8 h达峰值；LMWH干预组血清HBP、syndecan-1和HA水平均较烧伤组明显降低，8 h时差异仍有统计学意义〔HBP（μg/L）：6.47±0.25比12.48±0.08，syndecan-1（μg/L）：19.06±1.48比25.92±3.34，HA（μg/L）：35.76±2.10比54.91±2.64，均n P 0.05], but the HBP levels in the burn patients were significantly higher than those in the trauma patients (μg/L: 192.92±61.73 vs. 51.17±23.05, n P < 0.01). Twelve patients with severe burns had a sharp increase in serum syndecan-1 and HA levels after burns, which continued to maintain high levels and peaked at the 9th day [syndecan-1 (μg/L): 16.02±0.39, HA (μg/L): 106.83±4.90]. The analysis showed that HBP was positively correlated with neutrophils ratio, syndecan-1 and HA in severe burn patients at the 1st day after admission ( n r values were 0.805, 0.732 and 0.900, respectively, all n P < 0.01). It indicated that the sharp increase of neutrophils after the burn released a lot of HBP, and the glycocalyx of the vascular endothelium was severely damaged. ② Basic research results: the levels of serum HBP, syndecan-1 and HA in the burn group were increased sharply as compared with the normal control group, and continued to increase with time, reaching a peak at 8 hours after burn. In the LMWH intervention group, the serum levels of HBP, syndecan-1 and HA were significantly lower than those in the burn group, and the difference was still statistically significant after 8 hours [HBP (μg/L): 6.47±0.25 vs. 12.48±0.08, syndecan-1 (μg/L): 19.06±1.48 vs. 25.92±3.34, HA (μg/L): 35.76±2.10 vs. 54.91±2.64, all n P < 0.01]. The results of transmission electron microscopy showed that in the normal control group, the glycocalyx pulmonary vascular endothelial cells was continuous, evenly distributed and dense. The glycocalyx on pulmonary vascular endothelial cells of rats were significantly damaged and shed 2 hours after burn in the burn group, and no glycocalyx was observed at 8 hours. In the LMWH intervention group, the glycocalyx on pulmonary vascular endothelial cells was damaged and the phenomenon of shedding was significantly relieved, and the glycocalyx could be observed 8 hours after the injury.n Conclusion:The massive exudation of body fluids and the significant increase of vascular permeability in patients in early burns may be related to the destruction of the glycocalyx on endothelial cells by HBP released from increased neutrophils.