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近年来,我国南方农村较普遍地出现了乱砍滥伐森林的现象。在农村体制改革后,特别是“两山”到户以后,有的地方更为突出,后果极为严重。如何在保护管理好农村现有森林资源的基础上,合理利用和更新是一个亟待解决的问题。为此,笔者在老师的指导和帮助下对自己的家乡贵州省龙里县洗马区谷龙乡高里木村作了较深入地调查研究,发现同一个村的两个队由于各队的领导对森林的作用,对党的农村政策和《森林法》等认识不同,导致对现有森林资源的管理利用和效果都差异极大的形成了“两极分化”现象。通过分析发现,乱砍滥伐森林的队是由于该队领导文化水平低,对森林的巨大作用认识不够,此外,怕政策变而不去宣传政策和《森林法》,放任自流,致使森林遭受严重破坏。而另一个队,由于该队领导对林业有认识,积极宣传《森林法》和其它林业政策,并结合当地的风俗习惯,以村规民约的形式制定了在当地行之有效的管理利用森林和更新的各项管理制度,并以身作则认真执行。由于解决了群众的切身需要和利益,提高了群众发展林业的认识和积极性。从而实现了青山常在,永续利用。笔者认为谷秧寨的管理、保护、利用和发展森林的经验对山区农村可供借鉴,并在此基础上提出了合理的管理利用和更新农村现有森林资源的几点建议。
In recent years, there has been a widespread phenomenon of deforestation in the rural areas of southern China. After the reform of the rural system, especially after the arrival of “two mountains”, some places are more prominent and the consequences are extremely serious. How to protect and manage the existing forest resources in rural areas on the basis of rational use and update is a problem to be solved. To this end, the author, under the guidance and help of the teacher, conducted a more in-depth investigation and study on Gaolimu Village, Gu Long Township, Jiema District, Longli County, Guizhou Province, and found that the two teams in the same village were led by the teams The role of the forest, the party’s rural policy and the “Forest Law” and other different understanding, resulting in the management of the existing forest resources and the effectiveness of the great differences have formed a “polarization” phenomenon. Through the analysis found that deforestation team is due to the leadership of the team culture is low, the huge role of the forest not fully understood, in addition, fear of policy rather than to promote policies and the “Forest Act”, laissez-faire, resulting in forest suffered Serious destruction. The other team, due to the team leaders have understanding of forestry, and actively promote the “Forest Law” and other forestry policies, combined with local customs and practices, in the form of village conventions developed in the local effective management of the use of forests And update the management system, and set an example for the earnest implementation. Due to the immediate needs and interests of the masses have been solved, people’s awareness and enthusiasm for forestry development have been raised. In order to achieve Aoyama often, sustainable use. In my opinion, the management, protection, utilization and development experience of Guanyangzhai can make reference to the mountainous rural areas and put forward some suggestions on how to manage and utilize the existing forest resources in rural areas rationally.