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癫痫是一种常见病,目前仍以药物治疗为主,抗癫痫药的发展较其它药物慢。本文综述了这类药物的作用和临床方面的进展。一、苯巴比妥和苯妥英钠苯巴比妥(1912年用于临床)和苯妥英钠(DPH 1938)是继溴剂之后较早用于临床的两个抗癫痫药,至今仍是治疗大发作的主要药物。近年来对于这两个药物的研究进展主要在其作用机制和药物代谢动力学方面。苯巴比妥口服血浆半寿期平均为96小时(53～140小时)。成人血浆有效血浓度为10～15μg/ml,当血浆浓度为10μg/ml 时,脑电图(EEG)上的癫痫波可消失。个别病人4μg/ml 时也能控制发作。儿童常用3～6mg/kg/日,可使血浆浓度控制在10、25/μg/ml 间,较少引起嗜睡现象。
Epilepsy is a common disease, is still the main drug treatment, the development of anti-epileptic drugs slower than other drugs. This article reviews the role of these drugs and clinical advances. Phenobarbital and phenytoin Phenobarbital (for clinical use in 1912) and phenytoin sodium (DPH 1938) are two antiepileptic drugs used clinically after bromine, and are still the major treatment The main drug. In recent years, the research progress of these two drugs mainly in its mechanism of action and pharmacokinetics. Phenobarbital oral plasma half-life averaged 96 hours (53 to 140 hours). Adult plasma concentration of 10 ~ 15μg / ml effective, when the plasma concentration of 10μg / ml, the electroencephalogram (EEG) on the disappearance of epileptic waves. Individual patients 4μg / ml can control the attack. Children commonly used 3 ~ 6mg / kg / day, plasma concentration can be controlled at 10,25 / μg / ml, less likely to cause drowsiness.