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目的:分析基层突发公共卫生事件现状,为制定处置对策方案提供科学依据。方法:收集本县、乡两级疾病预防控制单位在2010年~2012年三年间报告的突发公共卫生事件数据资料进行统计分析。结果:1)三年间,本县总计报告突发公共卫生事件22起,病例403例。其中2010年9起,占总数的40.91%,报告病例188例,占总数的46.65%;2011年7起,占31.82%,报告病例131例,占32.51%;2012年6起,占27.27%,报告病例84例,占20.84%。2)县辖各乡镇均有报告,其中传染病类21起,占95.45%,其它类1起占4.55%。传染病引发的突发公共卫生事件病种主要为流行性腮腺炎、风疹、细菌性痢疾、乙脑等。3)农村发生率86.36%,县城发生率13.64%,并且主要发生在学校与托幼机构。4)突发公共卫生事件网报在近几年及时性有所提高,其中2010年事件发生-接到报告的时间、接到报告-网报时间、事件发生到网报时间约为0.66d、5.16d、5.82d,而2012年则依次为0.21d、0.32d、0.52d。结论:为了提高突发公共卫生事件预警决策能力,应加强基层疾病预防控制单位相关专业人员的培训,其内容与方式应各有侧重,才能提高预警决策能力。此外,还要针对高发人群做好相关的监测与预防控制,同时要建立相关完善的信息报告系统,政府对突发公共卫生事件管理工作要加大投入经费,并且提高相关人员工资待遇,提高工作人员责任心和事业心,从而尽量减少突发公共卫生事件的发生以及一旦发生能够及时有效进行处置。
Objective: To analyze the status quo of public health emergencies at the grassroots level and provide a scientific basis for formulating measures for treatment. Methods: We collected the data of public health emergencies reported by the disease prevention and control units of this county and township level from 2010 to 2012 for statistical analysis. Results: 1) In the past three years, 22 public health emergencies were reported in this county in total, and 403 cases were reported. Among them, 9 occurred in 2010, accounting for 40.91% of the total, 188 cases were reported, accounting for 46.65% of the total; 7 cases were accounted for 31.82% in 2011, 131 cases were reported, accounting for 32.51%; 6 cases were in 2012, accounting for 27.27% Reported 84 cases, accounting for 20.84%. 2) There are reports from all counties and towns under the jurisdiction of the county, of which 21 are infectious diseases, accounting for 95.45%, and 4.55% are from other categories. The main public health emergencies caused by infectious diseases are mumps, rubella, bacillary dysentery and Japanese encephalitis. 3) 86.36% in rural areas and 13.64% in county towns, and mainly occurs in schools and kindergartens. 4) Public health emergencies net newspaper in recent years has improved timeliness, including the 2010 incident - the time of receiving the report, received the report - net reported time, the incident occurred to the net reported time is about 0.66d, 5.16d, 5.82d, while in 2012 it was 0.21d, 0.32d, 0.52d. Conclusion: In order to improve the ability of early warning and decision-making in case of public health emergencies, we should strengthen the training of related professionals in grassroots disease prevention and control units, and focus their contents and methods in order to improve the ability of early-warning and decision-making. In addition, it is necessary to do a good job in monitoring and prevention and control of high-risk groups and establish a sound information reporting system. The government should increase investment in the management of public health emergencies and raise the wages of related personnel to improve their work Staff sense of responsibility and dedication, so as to minimize the incidence of public health emergencies and in the event of timely and effective disposal.