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近年来,区域化组织如风起云涌般在全球各地出现,而且规模也越来越大。一些人认为区域化这种趋势来源于西欧,即1992年欧洲经济共同体的建立;另一些人把这归于美国,即美国丢弃了其反对区域组织的一贯态度于1988年与加拿大签订了自由贸易协议。区域化大潮引发了人们的争议。人们并没有因区域化浪潮及其带来的实际机会而欢欣鼓舞,反而忧虑其可能给关贸总协定和世界贸易组织所倡导的全球自由贸易带来强烈的负面效应。早在1950年,维拉就提出了贸易创造和贸易转移的概念。为减少贸易转移的负面效应,减少社会财富减少的可能性,开放的区域化概念被提出。正如在关贸总协定中麦克米兰所提出的建议:成员国必须降低其对非成员国的贸易壁垒,同时不得降低其对非成员国的贸易额度。在全球贸易区域组织同时迸发的时候,区域组织保持其外部的合适的贸易自由度,能够增加社会总财富。
In recent years, regional organizations such as the surging clouds have appeared all over the world, and the scale is also growing. Some argue that this trend of regionalization originated in Western Europe, the establishment of the European Economic Community in 1992; others attributed this to the United States, where the United States discarded its usual attitude of opposing opposition to regional organizations and signed a free trade agreement with Canada in 1988 . The tide of regionalization has aroused people’s controversy. Instead of rejoicing over the tidal wave of regionalization and the real opportunities it presents, people are apprehensive about the strong negative effects it may have on the global free trade advocated by the GATT and the World Trade Organization. As early as 1950, Vera put forward the concept of trade creation and trade transfer. In order to reduce the negative effect of trade transfer and reduce the possibility of a decrease in social wealth, the concept of open regionalization was proposed. As suggested by MacMillan in the GATT, member states must reduce their trade barriers to non-member countries and must not reduce their trade quotas with non-member countries. At the same time as global trade regional organizations burst forth, regional organizations maintained their external proper trade freedom and increased their total social wealth.