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本文只讨论燃油喷射装置的一些设计趋势。这种设计趋势是由于现代中速柴油机的平均有效压力和运转速度大幅度提高而引起的。下面我们将要论述燃油喷射系统。组成喷射系统的凸轮驱动油泵通过高压油管而与带多孔喷咀的弹簧作用差动针阀式喷油器相连接。与上述系统不同的喷射系统,诸如蓄压式系统(艾切尔伯格式及其变型)、油泵——喷油器系统、气压作用系统和伺服——喷射系统,都不在本文讨论范围之内。本文的主要目的在于阐述燃油喷射装置设计中的一些值得注意的进展。这些进展是急剧提高喷射率以及为达到较短喷射期和无烟燃烧而需要提高油管压力的结果。由于燃用重油和混合油与日俱增,且强制施行了喷咀冷却,致使暴露喷咀表面产生了腐蚀问题,因此暴露喷咀表面须加保护。本文要谈及几种保护喷咀的方法。
This article discusses only some design trends for fuel injection devices. This design trend is due to the significant increase in the average effective pressure and operating speed of modern medium-speed diesel engines. Below we will discuss the fuel injection system. The cam-driven oil pump that makes up the injection system is connected to a spring-operated differential needle valve injector with a multi-orifice nozzle through a high-pressure tubing. Injection systems other than those described above, such as accumulator systems (Ichelberg format and variants thereof), oil pump-injector systems, pneumatic systems and servo-injection systems, are beyond the scope of this article. The main purpose of this paper is to illustrate some notable advances in the design of fuel injection devices. These developments are the result of sharp increases in injection rates and the need to increase tubing pressure to achieve shorter injection times and smokeless combustion. Exposed nozzle surfaces must be protected due to the increasing use of heavy fuel oil and blended oil and the forced cooling of the nozzle, exposing the exposed nozzle surface to corrosion. This article will talk about several ways to protect the nozzle.