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本文首次报导了318名庥坊工人中棉尘症的分布,另选不接触麻尘者301名为对照组,调查包括规范的询问、测定肺功能和车间总尘和可吸入尘浓度。总尘浓度波动于0.71～8.98mg/M~3,可吸入尘浓度较低,为0.096～1.67mg/M~3。棉尘症患病率为10.05％,慢性支气管炎为21.55％,其他鼻炎、慢性喉炎、肺气肿和哮喘患病率均1％左右。肺功能测定结果发现:接触麻尘者的肺功能受到不同程度的影响,棉尘症组和非棉尘症组比较,有重度慢性改变(FEV_1占预计值<60％)者分别为14.28％和2.23％,两组有严重急性改变者(一工作班FEV_1下降值占工前的20％以上)分别为85.71％和3.83％,均有非常显著的差异。随接触麻尘年数的增加,棉尘症患病率、胸闷出现率、和肺功能急、慢性改变者的百分率也呈相应增加。以男工资料统计分析,显示出吸烟和棉尘症、慢支以及胸闷症状有十分密切的关系。吸烟和棉尘症患病率为11.22％,不吸烟组为4.35％,两组相差未达显著水平,然相对危险度高(为2.78);两组胸闷出现率(45.92和26.08％)和两组慢支患组病率(43.8711.59％)均有非常显著的差别。根据上述结果,作者提出了棉尘症规范性调查的重要性,并以棉尘症发病机理,探讨了吸烟与棉尘症、胸闷等典型症状的关系,以事实说明了对不吸烟宣传教育的迫切性和重要性。
This paper reports for the first time about the distribution of cotton dust disease in 318 Amenity workers, and 301 other persons who did not touch them were included as control subjects. The survey included standardized interrogations, determination of lung function, total workshop dust and concentration of inhalable dust. The total dust concentration fluctuated from 0.71 to 8.98 mg / M ~ 3, and the concentration of inhalable dust was low, ranging from 0.096 to 1.67 mg / M ~ 3. The prevalence of cotton dust disease was 10.05% and that of chronic bronchitis was 21.55%. The prevalences of other rhinitis, chronic laryngitis, emphysema and asthma were all about 1%. Pulmonary function tests showed that the pulmonary function of those exposed to dust was affected to varying degrees. Compared with non-cotton dust group, the patients with severe chronic changes (FEV_ <60%) were 14.28% and 2.23%, two groups of patients with severe acute changes (a work-class FEV_1 decline accounted for more than 20% of the pre-work rate) were 85.71% and 3.83%, there are very significant differences. With the increase of the number of years of exposure to dust, the prevalence of cotton dust disease, the incidence of chest tightness, and the percentage of those with acute and chronic pulmonary function changes also increased accordingly. Statistical analysis of male workers shows that smoking and cotton dust disease, chronic bronchitis and chest tightness symptoms are very closely related. Smoking and cotton dust disease prevalence was 11.22%, non-smoking group was 4.35%, the difference between the two groups did not reach significant level, but the relative risk of high (2.78); two sets of chest tightness (45.92 and 26.08%) and two The prevalence of chronic bronchitis group (43.8711.59%) had a very significant difference. Based on the above results, the author put forward the importance of normative investigation on cotton dust disease and discussed the relationship between smoking and cotton dust disease, chest tightness and other typical symptoms with the pathogenesis of cotton dust disease. The facts show that the publicity and education of non-smoking Urgency and importance.