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“儿”语缀的本质特征是它具有轻松随意的涵义。“轻松随意”可以归为一种语境语义。它一方面与语体或使用场合有关,是客观的;另一方面与说话人的主观情绪有关。从使用场合上讲,儿化词多见于日常谈话,它或者指称生活上一些具体的器物,或者描述人们的一些日常行为。从说话人的情绪上讲,选用儿化词表现了说话人说话时轻松随意的心境。 “儿”语缀的这种轻松随意的语境语义有时附加在它的语法意义上,有时附加在它的所指意义上,但还有一种情况,即它不附加任何语法或所指意义上,而是单独地表现出来。 我们说“儿”语缀体现语法意义,指下列任一情况:(A)原语言单位与附加“儿”语缀后的语言单位语类不同;(B)原语言单位与附加“儿”语缀后的语言单位在能否单说上有所改变,一般指粘附性语素与“儿”语缀结合后整个词可以单说。语缀体现所指意义,我们指这样的情况;(C)原语言单位与附加语缀后的语言单位所指语义不同。下面我们具体分析。
The essential characteristic of “child” is its casual meaning. “Casual” can be classified as a contextual semantic. On the one hand, it is objectively related to style or use of the occasion; on the other hand, it is related to the subjective mood of the speaker. From the point of view of usage, the term “childlike” is more common in daily conversation. It refers to some specific objects in life or describes some daily behaviors of people. From the speaker’s emotional point of view, the use of children’s words to express the speaker’s relaxed mood when talking. This relaxed, casual contextual semantics of “child” is sometimes attached to its grammatical meaning, sometimes attached to its meaning, but there is also a situation where it does not attach any grammar or meaning , But separately manifested. We say that “syllable” embodies grammatical meanings, which means any one of the following: (A) the original language unit is different from the linguistic unital language after the “syllable”; (B) the original language unit and the additional “syllable” After the affixation of the language unit can change the single, generally refers to the adhesion of the morpheme and “child” after the combination of suffix the whole word can be said. The meaning of the meaning of the embellishment means that we mean the situation; (C) The original language unit is different from the meaning of the additional linguistic unit. Here we analyze in detail.