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目的介绍需筛检人数(NNBS)的基本概念、计算方法及用途。方法利用需治疗人数(NNT)的基本思想引入评价筛检项目总效果的新指标,以大便隐血试验(FOBT)筛检结直肠癌的随机对照试验和X线检查筛检乳腺癌的随机对照试验的两项研究为实例,计算需邀请参加筛检人数(NNI)和NNBS。结果通过计算得到欲通过实施FOBT筛检方案,要在14年内使当地45-74岁人群预防1例因结直肠癌所致的死亡,NNI为1220人,NNBS为665人;此外,欲通过实施乳腺X线检查筛检方案,要在8年内使当地40-74岁妇女预防1例因乳腺癌所致的死亡,NNI为1961人,NNBS为1494人。结论NNBS能以较直观的方式来评价筛检项目的总效果,便于研究人员、卫生决策者和社会公众进行更好的沟通和交流。
Objectives To introduce the basic concepts, calculation methods, and uses of the number of screenings (NNBS). Methods The basic idea of the number of people needing treatment (NNT) was introduced to introduce a new index to evaluate the total effect of screening programs. A randomized controlled trial of screening for colorectal cancer by fecal occult blood test (FOBT) and a randomized controlled trial of X-ray screening for breast cancer were conducted. The two studies are examples of calculations that need to be invited to participate in screening (NNI) and NNBS. Results Through calculations, it was determined that through the implementation of the FOBT screening program, the local 45-74-year-old population should be prevented from causing 1 death due to colorectal cancer within 14 years, with an NNI of 1,220 and an NNBS of 665; The screening program for breast X-ray examinations requires local women aged 40-74 to prevent 1 death from breast cancer within 8 years, 1961 for NNI and 1494 for NNBS. Conclusions NNBS can evaluate the overall effect of screening projects in a more intuitive manner, facilitating better communication and exchange among researchers, health decision makers, and the general public.