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从19世纪上半期开始,即由资本主义工场手工业过渡到大机器工业以后,资本主义生产过程每隔若干年就爆发一次经济危机,正常的再生产过程被打断,社会经济陷入瘫痪和混乱之中。危机过后,一般要经历萧条、复苏、高涨几个阶段,呈现出一定的经济周期。为了缓解危机给社会经济生活造成的破坏,第二次世界大战以后,各主要的资本主义国家相继建立了一套完整的失业保险制度。这一制度在经济中的反周期效应发挥着越来越重要的作用并为人们所认识。其主要表现在:
Since the first half of the 19th century, after the transition from capitalist workshop handicraft industry to large machine industry, the economic crisis broke out every few years in the process of capitalist production. The normal reproduction process was interrupted and the social economy was in a state of paralysis and confusion. After the crisis, generally going through depression, recovery, rising several stages, showing a certain economic cycle. In order to alleviate the damage caused by the crisis to the social and economic life, after World War II, the major capitalist countries have successively established a complete system of unemployment insurance. This system plays an increasingly important role in the anti-cyclical effects of the economy and is recognized by people. Its main manifestations are: