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目的了解医院感染现状及特点、病原体检出及抗菌药物使用,为临床预防医院感染提供依据。方法采用病历查阅和床边访视相结合的方法,调查2011年11月29日0∶00-24∶00时所有住院患者(包括当日出院、转科及死亡的患者,不包括当日新入院的患者)发生医院感染的情况。结果实查1118例,发生医院感染113例、118例次,医院感染现患率为10.11%、例次感染率为10.55%;医院感染部位分布前3位分别为下呼吸道、上呼吸道及血液,分别占60.02%、8.47%及6.78%;抗菌药物使用率为35.24%;医院感染患者微生物标本送检率为84.07%;阳性检出率24.21%;高龄、中心动静脉插管、使用呼吸机和外周静脉给药是发生医院感染的危险因素。结论医院感染现患率偏高,应进一步加强医院感染监测,控制相关危险因素,降低医院感染发生率。
Objective To understand the status quo and characteristics of nosocomial infections, detection of pathogens and use of antimicrobial agents to provide evidence for clinical prevention of nosocomial infections. Methods Using the combination of medical record review and bedside visit, all inpatients (including the patients who discharged on the day, transferred to hospital, and died on the 29th of November, 2011 excluding 0:00 to 24:00 on the 29th of November, Patients) have a nosocomial infection. Results Of the 1118 cases investigated, 113 were hospital-based and 118 cases were hospitalized. The prevalence rate of nosocomial infection was 10.11% and the rate of nosocomial infection was 10.55%. The top three of the nosocomial infection sites were lower respiratory tract, upper respiratory tract and blood, respectively Accounting for 60.02%, 8.47% and 6.78%, respectively. The rate of antibacterial drug use was 35.24%. The rate of sentinel infection was 84.07% in patients with nosocomial infections, and the positive rate was 24.21%. In elderly and central venous cannulas, Intravenous administration is a risk factor for nosocomial infections. Conclusion The prevalence rate of nosocomial infections is high, so it is necessary to further strengthen the monitoring of nosocomial infections, control the related risk factors and reduce the incidence of nosocomial infections.