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南宋,民众有瘟疫系“疫鬼”、“瘟鬼”、“瘟神”以及动物精灵等瘟疫神灵行疫施瘟的认识。民众对瘟疫神灵及其形象的认知是复杂而多元的,其中瘟神逐渐由“疫鬼本身”转变为疫鬼、瘟鬼的管理者,这说明南宋民众的瘟疫神灵观正处于“鬼”与“神”交替过渡的阶段。同时,在民众瘟疫神灵观中,瘟神尤其是五瘟神从泛瘟观念中逐渐突显出来,身份出现了由行瘟者向解困者转变的趋势。南宋呈现的民众瘟疫神灵观与道教的瘟神体系、佛教文化有紧密的联系。佛、道不仅影响了民众瘟疫神灵观的形成,佛教的僧尼与道教的道士、法师也参与民众驱瘟逐疫的仪式。
Southern Song Dynasty, the people have the plague Department “Epidemic ghost ”, “Plague ”, “plague ” and animal elf plague Epidemic Plague awareness. The people’s understanding of the plague god and its image is complex and diverse, of which the plague god is gradually changed from “Epidemic ghost itself” to the administrator of the epidemic ghost and the ghost. This shows that the plague god view of the people in the Southern Song Dynasty is in the position of “ ”And“ God ”alternating stage of transition. In the meantime, in view of the god of plague, the plague god, especially Wu Wen-shing, gradually emerged from the concept of pan-plague, and the identity tended to shift from plague-stricken to relief. The plague god view of the people in the Southern Song Dynasty is closely linked with the goddess plague system and Buddhist culture. Buddhism and Taoism not only affected the formation of the goddess of plague, but also participated in the ritual of the people driving the epidemic of plague by the Buddhist monks and nuns and Taoist priests and mages.